Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, An epistle to fantoni, 1661

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But that which is added in the Fourth Claſſe, That it follow­
eth
from this Opinion, that Hell (for that it is included by the
Earth
, as is commonly held) doth move circularly about the
Sun
, and in Heaven, and that ſo Hell it ſelf will be found to be
in
Heaven; diſcovers, in my judgment, nothing but Ignorance
and
Calumny, that inſinuate the belief of their Arguments ra­
ther
by a corrupt ſenſe of the Words, than by ſolid Reaſons
taken
from the boſome of the Nature of things.
For in this
place
Heaven is no wiſe to be taken for Paradice, nor according
to
the Senſe of Common Opinion, but (as hath been ſaid above)

according
to the Copernican Hypotheſis, for the ſubtileſt and
Pureſt
Aire, far more tenuous and rare than this of ours; where­
upon
the Solid Bodies of the Stars, Moon, and Earth, in their
Circular
and Ordinary Motions, do paſſe thorow it, (the Sphære
of
Fire being by this Opinion taken away.) And as according
to
the Common Opinion it was no abſurdity to ſay, That Hell
being
demerged in the Centre of the Earth and of the World it
ſelf
, hath Heaven and Paradice above and below it, yea and on
all
ſides of it, and that it is in the middle of all the Cœleſtial
Bodies
(as if it were poſited in a more unworthy place) ſo, nei­
ther
in this will it be deemed an Error, if from the other Syſtem,
which
differeth not much from the Vulgar one, thoſe or the like
things
follow as do in that.
For both in that of Copernicus, and
the
Vulgar Hypotheſis, Hell is ſuppoſed to be placed amongſt the
very
dreggs of the Elements, and in the Centre of the Earth it
ſelf
, for the confinement and puniſhment of the damned.
There­
fore
we ought not for want of Reaſons to trifle away time in
vain
and impertinent ſtrife about words, ſince their true Senſe
is
clouded then with no obſcurity, and in regard that it is very
clear
to any man indued with a refined Intellect, and that hath
but
an indifferent judgment in the Liberal Arts, and eſpecially
in
the Mathematicks, that the ſame, or not very different Gon­
ſequences
do flow from both theſe Opinions.
Heaven accord­
ing
to Copernicus
is
the ſame with
the
moſt tenuous
Æther
; but dif­
ferent
from Para­
dice
, which ſar­
paſſeth
all the
Heavens
.

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