Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="87"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Elsewhere every meer, whether a head-meer or other meer, comprises
                <lb/>
              forty-two fathoms in width and as many in length.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>In other places the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Bergmeíster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              gives the owner or company all of some
                <lb/>
              locality defined by rivers or little valleys as boundaries. </s>
              <s>But the boundaries
                <lb/>
              of every such area of whatsoever shape it be, descend vertically into the
                <lb/>
              earth; so the owner of that area has a right over that part of any
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena
                <lb/>
              dilatata
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which lies beneath the first one, just as the owner of the meer on
                <lb/>
              a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena profunda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              has a right over so great a part of all other
                <emph type="italics"/>
              venae profundae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              as lies within the boundaries of his meer; for just as wherever one
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena
                <lb/>
              profunda
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is found, another is found not far away, so wherever one
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena
                <lb/>
              dílatata
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is found, others are found beneath it.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Finally, the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Bergmeíster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              divides
                <emph type="italics"/>
              vena cumulata
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              areas in different ways,
                <lb/>
              for in some localities the head-meer is composed of three measures, doubled
                <lb/>
              in such a way that it is fourteen fathoms wide and twenty-one long; and
                <lb/>
              every other meer consists of two measures doubled, and is square, that is,
                <lb/>
              fourteen fathoms wide and as many long. </s>
              <s>In some places the head-meer
                <lb/>
              is composed of three single measures, and its width is seven fathoms and
                <lb/>
              its length twenty-one, which two numbers multiplied together make one
                <lb/>
              hundred and forty-seven square fathoms.</s>
            </p>
            <figure number="50"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>SHAPE OF A HEAD-MEER.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Each other meer consists of one double measure. </s>
              <s>In some places the
                <lb/>
              head-meer is given the shape of a double measure, and every other meer that
                <lb/>
              of a single measure. </s>
              <s>Lastly, in other places the owner or a company is given
                <lb/>
              a right over some complete specified locality bounded by little streams,
                <lb/>
              valleys, or other limits. </s>
              <s>Furthermore, all meers on
                <emph type="italics"/>
              venae cumulatae,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              as in
                <lb/>
              the case of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              dílatatae,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              descend vertically into the depths of the earth, and
                <lb/>
              each meer has the boundaries so determined as to prevent disputes arising
                <lb/>
              between the owners of neighbouring mines.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The boundary marks in use among miners formerly consisted only of
                <lb/>
              stones, and from this their name was derived, for now the marks of a
                <lb/>
              boundary are called “boundary stones.” To-day a row of posts, made either
                <lb/>
              of oak or pine, and strengthened at the top with iron rings to prevent them
                <lb/>
              from being damaged, is fixed beside the boundary stones to make them
                <lb/>
              more conspicuous. </s>
              <s>By this method in former times the boundaries of the
                <lb/>
              fields were marked by stones or posts, not only as written of in the book “
                <emph type="italics"/>
              De
                <lb/>
              Limítíbus Agrorum,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <emph type="sup"/>
              7
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              but also as testified to by the songs of the poets. </s>
              <s>Such </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>