Galilei, Galileo, Mechanics, 1665

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We will have at hand a Solid Body of a ſubſtance more grave
in Specie than the Water; as for inſtance of Lead; or if it were
of
Wood, or other matter more light in Specie than the Water,
it
may be made heavier by faſtning unto it Lead, or ſome other
thing
that makes it ſink in the Water, and let us take ſome
known
Meaſure, and with it meaſure the Irregular Solid; as for
inſtance
, the Roman Palm, the Geometrical Foot, or any other
known
meaſure, or part of the ſame, as the half Foot, the quar­
ter
of a Foot, or any ſuch like part known; then let it be weighed
in
the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 10 pounds; let the ſame
Meaſure
be weighed in the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 8
pounds
: and ſubſtract 8 pounds, the Weight in the Water, from
10
pounds, the Weight in the Air, and there remaineth 2 pounds
for
the Weight of a Body of Water equal in Magnitude to the
Meaſure
known.
Now, if we would meaſure a Statue of Mar­
ble
, let it be weighed firſt in the Air, and then in the Water, and
ſubſtract
the Weight in the Water from the Weight in the Air, and
the
remainder ſhall be the weight of ſo much Water as equalleth
the
Statue in Maſs; which being divided by the difference betwixt
the
Weight in Water and the Weight in Air of the Meaſure known,
the
Quotient will give how many times the Statue containeth the
ſame
given Meaſure.
As for example; if the Statue in Air weigh
100
pounds, and in the Water 80 pounds, 80 pounds being ſub­
ſtracted
from 100 there reſteth 20 pounds for the Weight of ſo
much
Water in Maſs as equalleth the Statue. But becauſe the
difference
betwixt the Weight in Water, and the Weight in Air
equal
in Magnitude to the Meaſure known, was ſuppoſed to be
2
pounds; divide 18 pounds by two pounds, and the Quotient
is
9, for the number of times that the propoſed Statue containeth
the
given Meaſure.
The ſame Method may be obſerved, if it
were
required, to meaſure a Statue, or other Maſs of any kind of
Metal
: only it muſt be advertiſed, that all the holes muſt be
ſtopt
, that the Water may not enter into the Body of the Statue:
but
he that deſireth only the Solid content of the Metal of the
ſaid
Statue muſt open the holes, and with Tunnels fill the whole
cavity
of the Statue with Water. And if the Statue were of a
Subſtance
lighter in Specie than the Water; as, for example, of

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