Galilei, Galileo, Mechanics, 1665

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              <s>
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              Specifical Gravity of the Silver, as the Maſs of the Silver hath to
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              the Maſs of the Gold; that is, as the difference betwixt the
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              Weight in Water and Weight in Air of the Silver, hath to the
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              difference betwixt the Weight in Water and Weight in Air of
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              the Gold.</s>
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              <s>With this ſame Ballance one may with facility meaſure the
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              Maſs or Magnitude of any Body, in any manner whatſoever Irre­
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              gular in manner following, namely:</s>
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              <s>We will have at hand a Solid Body of a ſubſtance more grave
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              in Specie
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              than the Water; as for inſtance of Lead; or if it were
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              of Wood, or other matter more light
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              in Specie
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              than the Water,
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              it may be made heavier by faſtning unto it Lead, or ſome other
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              thing that makes it ſink in the Water, and let us take ſome
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              known Meaſure, and with it meaſure the Irregular Solid; as for
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              inſtance, the Roman Palm, the Geometrical Foot, or any other
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              known meaſure, or part of the ſame, as the half Foot, the quar­
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              ter of a Foot, or any ſuch like part known; then let it be weighed
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              in the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 10 pounds; let the ſame
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              Meaſure be weighed in the Air, and ſuppoſe that it weigh 8
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              pounds: and ſubſtract 8 pounds, the Weight in the Water, from
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              10 pounds, the Weight in the Air, and there remaineth 2 pounds
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              for the Weight of a Body of Water equal in Magnitude to the
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              Meaſure known. </s>
              <s>Now, if we would meaſure a Statue of Mar­
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              ble, let it be weighed firſt in the Air, and then in the Water, and
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              ſubſtract the Weight in the
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              W
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              ater from the
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              W
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              eight in the Air, and
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              the remainder ſhall be the weight of ſo much
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              W
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              ater as equalleth
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              the Statue in Maſs; which being divided by the difference betwixt
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              the
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              W
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              eight in
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              W
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              ater and the
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              W
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              eight in Air of the Meaſure known,
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              the Quotient will give how many times the Statue containeth the
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              ſame given Meaſure. </s>
              <s>As for example; if the Statue in Air weigh
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              100 pounds, and in the
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              W
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              ater 80 pounds, 80 pounds being ſub­
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              ſtracted from 100 there reſteth 20 pounds for the
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              W
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              eight of ſo
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              much
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              W
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              ater in Maſs as equalleth the Statue. </s>
              <s>But becauſe the
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              difference betwixt the
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              W
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              eight in
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              W
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              ater, and the
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              W
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              eight in Air
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              equal in Magnitude to the Meaſure known, was ſuppoſed to be
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              2 pounds; divide 18 pounds by two pounds, and the Quotient
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              is 9, for the number of times that the propoſed Statue containeth
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              the given Meaſure. </s>
              <s>The ſame Method may be obſerved, if it
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              were required, to meaſure a Statue, or other Maſs of any kind of
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              Metal: only it muſt be advertiſed, that all the holes muſt be
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              ſtopt, that the
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              W
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              ater may not enter into the Body of the Statue:
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              but he that deſireth only the Solid content of the Metal of the
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              ſaid Statue muſt open the holes, and with Tunnels fill the whole
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              cavity of the Statue with
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              ater. </s>
              <s>And if the Statue were of a
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              Subſtance lighter
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              in Specie
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              than the
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              W
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              ater; as, for example, of </s>
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