Galilei, Galileo
,
Mechanics
,
1665
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<
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>DEFINITIONS.</
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<
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>That which in all Demonſtrative Sciences is neceſſary to be
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obſerved, we ought alſo to follow in this Diſcourſe, that is;
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to propound the Definitions of the proper Terms of this
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Art, and the primary Suppoſitions, from which, as from ſeeds full
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of fecundity, may of conſequence ſpring and reſult the cauſes,
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and true Demonſtrations, of the Nature of all the Mechanick
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Engines which are uſed, for the moſt part about the Motions of
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Grave Matters, therefore we will determine, firſt, what is
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GRA
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VITIE.
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<
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>We call
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GRAVITIE
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then, That propenſion of moving
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naturally downwards, which is found in ſolid Bodies, cauſed by
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the greater or leſſe quantity of matter, whereof they are conſti
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tuted.</
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MOMENT
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is the propenſion of deſcending, cauſed not ſo
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much by the Gravity of the moveable, as by the diſpoſure which
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divers Grave Bodies have in relation to one another; by means of
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whichMoment, we oft ſee a Body leſs Grave counterpoiſe another
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of greater Gravity: as in the Stiliard, a great Weight is raiſed by
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a very ſmall counterpoiſe, not through exceſs of Gravity, but
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through the remoteneſſe from the point whereby the Beam is up
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held, which conjoyned to the Gravity of the leſſer weight adds
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thereunto Moment, and
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Impetus
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of deſcending, wherewith the
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Moment of the other greater Gravity may be exceeded.
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MO
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MENT
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then is that IMPETUS of deſcending, compounded
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of Gravity, Poſition, and the like, whereby that propenfion may
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be occaſioned</
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<
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>The
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CENTER
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of
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GRAVITY
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we define to be that point
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in every Grave Body, about which conſiſt parts of equall Moment:
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ſo that, imagining ſome Grave Body to be ſuſpended and ſuſtain
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ed by the ſaid point, the parts on the right hand will Equilibrate
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thoſe on the left, the Anteriour, the Poſteriour, and thoſe above
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thoſe below; ſo that be it in any whatſoever fite, and poſition,
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provided it be ſuſpended by the ſaid
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CENTER,
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it ſhall ſtand
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ſtill: and this is that point which would gladly unite with the
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univerſall Center of Grave Bodies, namely withthat of the Earth,
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if it might thorow ſome free
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Medium
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deſcend thither. </
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<
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>From
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whence we take theſe Suppoſitions.</
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