Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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1nature apt to deſcend to the Bottom, being placed lightly on the water
ſubmerge
not, unleſs they be firſt thorowly bathed; and have found,
that
one of theſe Bodies having deſcended to the Bottom, by
ing
to it (without touching it in the leaſt) a little Air, which conjoyneth
with
the top of the ſame; it becometh ſufficient, not only, as before to
ſuſtain
it, but alſo to raiſe it, and to carry it back to the top, where it
ſtays
and abideth in the ſame manner, till ſuch time, as the aſſiſtance
of
the conjoyned Air is taken away.
And to this effect, I have taken a
Ball
of Wax, and made it with a little Lead, ſo grave, that it leaſurely
deſcends
to the Bottom, making with all its Superficies very ſmooth and
pollite
: and this being put gently into the water, almoſt wholly

mergeth
, there remaining viſſible only a little of the very top, the which
solong
as it is conjoyned with the Air, ſhall retain the Ball a-top, but
the
Contiguity of the Air taken away by wetting it, it ſhall deſcend to
the
Bottom and there remain.
Now to make it by vertue of the Air, that
before
ſuſtained it to return again to the top, and ſtay there, thruſt into
the
water a Glaſs reverſed with the mouth downwards, the which ſhall
carry
with it the Air it contains, and move this towards the Ball, abaſing
it
till ſuch time that you ſee, by the tranſparency of the Glaſs, that the

contained
Air do arrive to the ſummity of the Ball: then gently
draw
the Glaſs upwards, and you ſhall ſee the Ball to riſe, and afterwards

stay
on the top of the water, if you carefully part the Glaſs and the water
without
overmuch commoving and diſturbing it.
There is, therefore, a
certain
affinity between the Air and other Bodies, which holds them
ed
, ſo, that they ſeperate not without a kind of violence.
The ſame

likewiſe
is ſeen in the water; for if we ſhall wholly ſubmerge ſome Body
in
it, ſo that it be thorowly bathed, in the drawing of it afterwards
ly
out again, we ſhall ſee the water follow it, and riſe notably above its
Surface
, before it ſeperates from it.
Solid Bodies, alſo, if they be equall

and
alike in Superficies, ſo, that they make an exact Contact without
the
interpoſition of the leaſt Air, that may part them in the ſeperation
and
yield untill that the ambient Medium ſucceeds to repleniſh the place,
do
hold very firmly conjoyned, and are not to be ſeperated without great
force
but, becauſe, the Air, Water, and other Liquids, very
tiouſly
ſhape themſelves to contact with any Solid Bodies, ſo that their
Superficies
do exquiſitely adopt themſelves to that of the Solids, without
any
thing remaining between them, therefore, the effect of this
junction
and Adherence is more manifeſtly and frequently obſerved in
them
, than in hard and inflexible Bodies, whoſe Superficies do very
ly
conjoyn with exactneſs of Contact.
This is therefore that

tick
vertue, which with firm Connection conjoyneth all Bodies, that do
touch
without the interpoſition of flexible fluids; and, who knows, but
that
that a Contact, when it is very exact, may be a ſufficient Cauſe of
the
Union and Continuity of the parts of a naturall Body?

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