Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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1namely, that Earth is leſs Grave than Water. The Veſſel that ſwims
occupieth
in the water, not only a place equall to the Maſs of the
Earth
, of which it is formed; but equall to the Earth and to the Air
together
, contained in its concavity.
And, if ſuch a Maſs
ded
of Earth and Air, ſhall be leſs grave than ſuch another quantity
of
water, it ſhall ſwim, and ſhall accord with the Doctrine of
medes
; but if, again, removing the Air, the Veſſell ſhall be filled
with
water, ſo that the Solid put in the water, be nothing but
Earth
, nor occupieth other place, than that which is only poſſeſt by
Earth
, it ſhall then go to the Bottom, by reaſon that the Earth is
heavier
than the water: and this correſponds well with the meaning
of
Archimedes. See the ſame effect illuſtrated, with ſuch another
Experiment
, In preſſing a Viall Glaſs to the Bottom of the water,
when
it is full of Air, it will meet with great reſiſtance, becauſe it is
not
the Glaſs alone, that is preſſed under water, but together with
the
Glaſs a great Maſs of Air, and ſuch, that if you ſhould take as
much
water, as the Maſs of the Glaſs, and of the Air contained in it,
you
would have a weight much greater than that of the Viall, and of
its
Air: and, therefore, it will not ſubmerge without great violence:
but
if we demit only the Glaſs into the water, which ſhall be when
you
ſhall fill the Glaſs with water, then ſhall the Glaſs deſcend to
the
Bottom; as ſuperiour in Gravity to the water.

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