Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="421"/>
              namely, that Earth is leſs Grave than Water. </s>
              <s>The Veſſel that ſwims
                <lb/>
              occupieth in the water, not only a place equall to the Maſs of the
                <lb/>
              Earth, of which it is formed; but equall to the Earth and to the Air
                <lb/>
              together, contained in its concavity. </s>
              <s>And, if ſuch a Maſs
                <lb/>
              ded of Earth and Air, ſhall be leſs grave than ſuch another quantity
                <lb/>
              of water, it ſhall ſwim, and ſhall accord with the Doctrine of
                <emph type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              medes
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ; but if, again, removing the Air, the Veſſell ſhall be filled
                <lb/>
              with water, ſo that the Solid put in the water, be nothing but
                <lb/>
              Earth, nor occupieth other place, than that which is only poſſeſt by
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              Earth, it ſhall then go to the Bottom, by reaſon that the Earth is
                <lb/>
              heavier than the water: and this correſponds well with the meaning
                <lb/>
              of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Archimedes.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              See the ſame effect illuſtrated, with ſuch another
                <lb/>
              Experiment, In preſſing a Viall Glaſs to the Bottom of the water,
                <lb/>
              when it is full of Air, it will meet with great reſiſtance, becauſe it is
                <lb/>
              not the Glaſs alone, that is preſſed under water, but together with
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              the Glaſs a great Maſs of Air, and ſuch, that if you ſhould take as
                <lb/>
              much water, as the Maſs of the Glaſs, and of the Air contained in it,
                <lb/>
              you would have a weight much greater than that of the Viall, and of
                <lb/>
              its Air: and, therefore, it will not ſubmerge without great violence:
                <lb/>
              but if we demit only the Glaſs into the water, which ſhall be when
                <lb/>
              you ſhall fill the Glaſs with water, then ſhall the Glaſs deſcend to
                <lb/>
              the Bottom; as ſuperiour in Gravity to the water.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1433"/>
              The Authors
                <lb/>
              ſwer to the firſt
                <lb/>
              Objection.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1434"/>
              The Authors
                <lb/>
              ſwer to the
                <lb/>
              cond Objection.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Returning, therefore, to our firſt purpoſe; I ſay, that Earth is
                <lb/>
              more grave than water, and that therefore, a Solid of Earth goeth to
                <lb/>
              the bottom of it; but one may poſſibly make a compoſition of Earth
                <lb/>
              and Air, which ſhall be leſs grave than a like Maſs of Water; and
                <lb/>
              this ſhall ſwim: and yet both this and the other experiment ſhall
                <lb/>
              very well accord with the Doctrine of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Archimedes.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              But becauſe that
                <lb/>
              in my judgment it hath nothing of difficulty in it, I will not
                <lb/>
              ly affirme that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Signor Buonamico,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              would by ſuch a diſcourſe object
                <lb/>
              unto
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Archimedes
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              the abſurdity of inferring by his doctrine, that Earth
                <lb/>
              was leſs grave than Water, though I know not how to conceive what
                <lb/>
              other accident he could have induced thence.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Perhaps ſuch a Probleme (in my judgement falſe) was read by
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Signor Buonamico
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in ſome other Author, by whom peradventure it
                <lb/>
              was attributed as a ſingular propertie, of ſome particular Water, and
                <lb/>
              ſo comes now to be uſed with a double errour in confutation of
                <emph type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              chimedes,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſince he ſaith no ſuch thing, nor by him that did ſay it was it
                <lb/>
              meant of the common Element of Water.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The third difficulty in the doctrine of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Archimedes
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              was, that he
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1435"/>
                <lb/>
              could not render a reaſon whence it aroſe, that a piece of Wood,
                <lb/>
              and a Veſſell of Wood, which otherwiſe floats, goeth to the bottom,
                <lb/>
              if filled with Water.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Signor Buonamico
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              hath ſuppoſed that a Verſſell
                <lb/>
              of Wood, and of Wood that by nature ſwims, as before is ſaid, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>