Galilei, Galileo
,
Discourse concerning the natation of bodies
,
1663
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<
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>That is to ſay, that by how much the one is leſs grave than the other,
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by ſo much is it in a conſtitution of moving more ſwiftly than that.</
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>Having prefatically explicated theſe things, we may begin to
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quire, what Bodyes thoſe are which totally ſubmerge in Water, and
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go to the Bottom, and which thoſe that by conſtraint float on the
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top, ſo that being thruſt by violence under Water, they return to
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ſwim, with one part of their Maſs viſible above the Surface of the
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Water: and this we will do by conſidering the reſpective
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on of the ſaid Solids, and of Water: Which operation followes
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the Submerſion and ſinking; and this it is, That in the Submerſion
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that the Solid maketh, being depreſſed downwards by its proper
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Gravity, it comes to drive away the water from the place where it
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ſucceſſively ſubenters, and the water repulſed riſeth and aſcends
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above its firſt levell, to which Aſcent on the other ſide it, as being a
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grave Body of its own nature, reſiſts: And becauſe the deſcending
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Solid more and more immerging, greater and greater quantity of
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Water aſcends, till the whole Sollid be ſubmerged; its neceſſary to
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compare the Moments of the Reſiſtance of the water to Aſcenſion,
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with the Moments of the preſſive Gravity of the Solid: And if the
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Moments of the Reſiſtance of the water, ſhall equalize the Moments
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of the Solid, before its totall Immerſion; in this caſe doubtleſs there
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ſhall be made an
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Equilibrium,
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nor ſhall the Body ſink any farther.
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<
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>But if the Moment of the Solid, ſhall alwayes exceed the Moments
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wherewith the repulſed water ſucceſſively makes Reſiſtance, that
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Solid ſhall not only wholly ſubmerge under water, but ſhall deſcend
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to the Bottom. </
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<
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>But if, laſtly, in the inſtant of totall Submerſion,
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the equality ſhall be made between the Moments of the prement
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Solid, and the reſiſting Water; then ſhall reſt enſue, and the ſaid
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Solid ſhall be able to reſt indifferently, in whatſoever part of the
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water. </
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<
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>By this time is manifeſt the neceſſity of comparing the
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Gravity of the water, and of the Solid; and this compariſon might
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at firſt ſight ſeem ſufficient to conclude and determine which are the
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Solids that float a-top, and which thoſe that ſink to the Bottom in the
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water, aſſerting that thoſe ſhall float which are leſſe grave
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in ſpecie
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than the water, and thoſe ſubmerge, which are
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in ſpecie
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more grave.
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<
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>For it ſeems in appearance, that the Sollid in ſinking continually,
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raiſeth ſo much Water in Maſs, as anſwers to the parts of its own
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Bulk ſubmerged: whereupon it is impoſſible, that a Solid leſs grave
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in ſpecie,
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than water, ſhould wholly ſink, as being unable to raiſe a
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weight greater than its own, and ſuch would a Maſs of water equall
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to its own Maſs be. </
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<
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>And likewiſe it ſeems neceſſary, that the graver
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Solids do go to the Bottom, as being of a Force more than ſufficient
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for the raiſing a Maſſe of water, equall to its own, though inferiour
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in weight. </
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<
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>Nevertheleſs the buſineſs ſucceeds otherwiſe: and </
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