Galilei, Galileo - The systems of the world

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a caſe can never happen: and though it ſhould, and that the ſe

parated part ſhould return to its whole, it would not return as
grave or light, for that the ſame Ariſtotle proveth, that the Cœ
leſtial Bodies are neither heavie nor light.

The right motion
of grave bodies
manifeſt to ſenſe.

Arguments of A
riſtotle, to prove
that grave bodies
move with an in
clination to arrive
at the centre of the
Vniverſe.

Heavie bodies
move towards the
centre of the Earth
per accidens.

To ſeek what
would follow upon
an impoſſibility, is
folly.

Cœleſtial bodies
neither heavie nor
light, according to
Ariſtotle.

SALV. With what reaſon I doubt, whether grave bodies move
by a right and perpendicular line, you ſhall hear, as I ſaid be
fore, when I ſhall examine this particular argument. Touching
the ſecond point, I wonder that you ſhould need to diſcover the
Paralogiſm of Ariſtotle, being of it ſelf ſo manifeſt; and that
you perceive not, that Ariſtotle ſuppoſeth that which is in queſti
on: therefore take notice.

SIMPL. Pray Salviatus ſpeak with more reſpect of Ariſtotle:
for who can you ever perſwade, that he who was the firſt, only,
and admirable explainer of the Syllogiſtick forms of demonſtration,

of Elenchs, of the manner of diſcovering Sophiſms, Paralogiſms, and
in ſhort, of all the parts of Logick, ſhould afterwards ſo notoriouſly
equivocate in impoſing that for known, which is in queſtion? It
would be better, my Maſters, firſt perfectly to underſtand him,
and then to try, if you have a minde, to oppoſe him.

Ariſtotle cannot e
quivocate, being
the inventer of Lo
gick.

SALV. Simplicius, we are here familiarly diſcourſing among
our ſelves, to inveſtigate ſome truth; I ſhall not be diſpleaſed
that you diſcover my errors; and if I do not follow the mind of
Ariſtotle, freely reprehend me, and I ſhall take it in good part.
Onely give me leave to expound my doubts, and to reply ſome
thing to your laſt words, telling you, that Logick, as it is well
underſtood, is the Organe with which we philoſophate; but as it
may be poſſible, that an Artiſt may be excellent in making Or
gans, but unlearned in playing on them, thus he might be a great
Logician, but unexpert in making uſe of Logick; like as we have
many that theorically underſtand the whole Art of Poetry, and
yet are unfortunate in compoſing but meer four Verſes; others

enjoy all the precepts of Vinci^{*}, and yet know not how to paint
a Stoole. The playing on the Organs is not taught by them who
know how to make Organs, but by him that knows how to play
on them: Poetry is learnt by continual reading of Poets: Limn
ing is learnt by continual painting and deſigning: Demonſtration
from the reading of Books full of demonſtrations, which are the
Mathematical onely, and not the Logical. Now returning to our
purpoſe, I ſay, that that which Ariſtotle ſeeth of the motion of
light bodies, is the departing of the Fire from any part of the
Superficies of the Terreſtrial Globe, and directly retreating from
it, mounting upwards; and this indeed is to move towards a
circumference greater than that of the Earth; yea, the ſame A
riſtotle makes it to move to the concave of the Moon, but that
this circumference is that of the World, or concentrick to it, ſo

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