Galilei, Galileo, The systems of the world, 1661

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1are of two kinds: ſome have reſpect to the accidents Terreſtrial,

without any relation to the Stars, and others are taken from the
Phænomena and obſervations of things Cœleſtial. The arguments
of Ariſtotle are for the moſt part taken from things neer at hand,
and he leaveth the others to Aſtronomers; and therefore it is the
beſt way, if you like of it, to examine theſe taken from
ments touching the Earth, and then proceed to thoſe of the other
kind.
And becauſe Ptolomy, Tycho, and the other Aſtronomers

and Philoſophers, beſides the arguments of Ariſtotle by them
med, confirmed, and made good, do produce certain others; we
will put them all together, that ſo we may not anſwer twice to
the ſame, or the like objections.
Therefore Simplicius, chooſe
whether you will recite them your ſelf, or cauſe me to eaſe you of
this task, for I am ready to ſerve you.
Two kindes of
Arguments
ching the Earths
motion or rest.
Arguments of
Ptolomy and
cho, and other
ſons, over and
bove thoſe of
ſtotle.
SIMPL. It is better that you quote them, becauſe, as having
taken more pains in the ſtudy of them, you can produce them with
more readineſſe, and in greater
The firſt
ment taken from
grave bodies
ling from on high
to the ground.
SALV. All, for the ſtrongeſt reaſon, alledge that of grave
dies, which falling downwards from on high, move by a right line,
that is perpendicular to the ſurface of the Earth, an argument
which is held undeniably to prove that the Earth is immoveable:
for in caſe it ſhould have the diurnal motion, a Tower, from the
top of which a ſtone is let fall, being carried along by the
ſion of the Earth, in the time that the ſtone ſpends in falling, would
be tranſported many hundred yards Eaſtward, and ſo far diſtant
from the Towers foot would the ſtone come to ground.
The
which effect they back with another experiment; to wit, by let­

ting a bullet of lead fall from the round top of a Ship, that lieth at
anchor, and obſerving the mark it makes where it lights, which they
find to be neer the ^{*} partners of the Maſt; but if the ſame bullet

be let fall from the ſame place when the ſhip is under ſail, it ſhall
light as far from the former place, as the ſhip hath run in the time
of the leads deſcent; and this for no other reaſon, than becauſe
the natural motion of the ball being at liberty is by a right line

wards the centre of the Earth.
They fortiſie this argument with
the experiment of a projection ſhot on high at a very great
ſtance; as for example, a ball ſent out of a Cannon, erected
pendicular to the horizon, the which ſpendeth ſo much time in
cending and falling, that in our parallel the Cannon and we both
ſhould be carried by the Earth many miles towards the Eaſt, ſo
that the ball in its return could never come neer the Peece, but

would fall as far Weſt, as the Earth had run Eaſt.
They againe
adde a third, and very evident experiment, ſcilicet, that ſhooting a
bullet point blank (or as Gunners ſay, neither above nor under
tal) out of a Culverin towards the Eaſt, and afterwards another,

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