Galilei, Galileo
,
De Motu Antiquiora
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Aristotle,
in
Book
I
,
text
#44
of
<
i
>De Caelo</
i
> [273a9-13],
says
that
if
one
of
two
contraries
is
delimited
it
is
thus
necessary
that
the
other
be
delimited
as
well
;
and
because
the
center
,
which
is
the
limit
of
downward
motion
,
is
limited
,
it
is
necessary
that
upward
[
motion
]
itself
be
delimited
.
And
the
same
thing
is
concluded
from
text
#58 [274b9-15]: {1}
read
{2}
the
text
.
Aristotle,
in
Book
I
,
text
#51
of
<
i
>De Caelo</
i
> [273b32-274a2] {1}
says
,
Speed
is
to
speed
as
heaviness
is
to
heaviness
.
Aristotle,
by
text
#89
of
Book
I
,
of
<
i
>De Caelo</
i
> [277a33-277b2],
shows
that
things
that
are
moved
naturally
are
not
moved
by
force
and
through
extrusion
. {1}
Aristotle,
in
Book
I
,
text
#96
of
<
i
>De Caelo</
i
> [278b14-15],
writes
:
For
as
a
rule
we
have
called
the
outermost
thing
and
what
is
uppermost
the
heaven
.
And
in
text
#21 [270b6-8]
he
says
:
And
the
place
which
is
above
that
is
assigned
to
God
. {1}
Things
that
are
moved
upward
,
go
up
more
violently
than
naturally
:
for
ascent
has
an
external
cause
,
but
descent
an
internal
one
.
Aristotle,
in
Book
I
,
text
#5
of
<
i
>De Caelo</
i
> [268b21-22],
says
:
Now
I
call
upward
what
is
away
from
the
center
,
but
downward
what
is
toward
the
center
. {1}
[
Program
of
a
work
on
motion
]{1}
It
may
be
asked
whether
heavy
things
are
truely
moved
toward
the
center
;
on
this
, Ptolemy, <
i
>
Almagest
</
i
>,
Book
I
,
chapter
7.
Whether
the
impressed
force
will
be
consumed
by
time
or
by
the
heaviness
of
the
mobile
.
By
what
natural
motion
takes
place
.
By
what
violent
motion
takes
place
.
Whether
a
medium
is
necessary
for
motion
.
Whether
the
purely
and
simply
heavy
and
purely
and
simply
[
light
{1}]
are
given
.
Whether
the
elements
in
their
proper
place
are
heavy
or
light
.
Concerning
the
ratio
of
motions
of
the
same
mobiles
in
different
media
.
Concerning
the
ratio
of
the
motions
of
different
mobiles
in
the
same
medium
.
Concerning
the
cause
of
the
slowness
and
the
speed
of
motion
.
Whether
there
a
rest
at
the
turning
point
.
Whether
natural
motion
is
always
intensified
,
and
why
it
is
intensified
.
Whether
the
slowness
and
the
swiftness
of
natural
motion
is
due
to
the
rareness
or
the
de....
of
the
me
.... .
In
motion
3
things
are
considered
:
the
mobile
,
the
medium
,
and
the
mover
.
How
the
form
of
mobiles
helps
or
hinders
motion
.
Concerning
the
ratio
of
the
heavinesses
of
the
same
heavy
thing
in
different
media
,
on
which
depends
the
question
of
the
ratio
of
its
motions
.
Given
the
heaviness
of
the
medium
and
the
speed
of
the
mobile
,
is
also
given
the
heaviness
of
the
mo
.... .
Given
the
heaviness
of
the
mobile
and
of
the
medium
,
the
speed
of
motion
is
given
.
Given
the
speed
and
the
heaviness
of
the
mobile
,
the
heaviness
of
the
medium
is
given
. {1}
Concerning
circular
motion
.
One
must
consider
the
ratio
of
motions
on
different
inclined
planes
,
and
whether
perchance
lighter
things
go
down
more
swiftly
at
the
beginning
;
just
as
in
the
balance
,
the
smaller
the
weights
,
the
more
easily
the
motion
takes
place
.
The
medium
retards
natural
motion
in
the
following
manner
:
as
,
when
a
bell
goes
down
,
it
is
so
to
speak
a
solid
body
consisting
of
air
enclosed
....
by
the
metal
,
and
because
of
this
it
is
lighter
than
if
air
were
not
present
.
Lighter
mobiles
are
moved
more
easily
,
as
long
as
they
are
linked
....
to
what
moves
them
;
but
,
outside
the
hand
of
the
mover
, ....[
they
conserve
]
for
a
short
time
the
impetus
.... .
The
argument
of
those
who
say
that
motion
is
accelerated
at
the
end
since
.... {1} .
End
see
my
notes
below
.
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