Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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INTRODUCTION.
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>BIOGRAPHY.</
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>Georgius Agricola was born at Glauchau, in
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Saxony, on March 24th, 1494, and therefore entered
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the world when it was still upon the threshold of the
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Renaissance; Gutenberg's first book had been print
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ed but forty years before; the Humanists had but
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begun that stimulating criticism which awoke the
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Reformation; Erasmus, of Rotterdam, who was sub
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sequently to become Agricola's friend and patron,
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was just completing his student days. </
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>The Refor
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mation itself was yet to come, but it was not long delayed, for Luther
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was born the year before Agricola, and through him Agricola's home
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land became the cradle of the great movement; nor did Agricola escape being
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drawn into the conflict. </
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>Italy, already awake with the new classical revival, was
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still a busy workshop of antiquarian research, translation, study, and
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publication, and through her the Greek and Latin Classics were only
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now available for wide distribution. </
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>Students from the rest of Europe,
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among them at a later time Agricola himself, flocked to the Italian
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Universities, and on their return infected their native cities with the newly
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awakened learning. </
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>At Agricola's birth Columbus had just returned from his
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great discovery, and it was only three years later that Vasco Da Gama rounded
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Cape Good Hope. </
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>Thus these two foremost explorers had only initiated
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that greatest period of geographical expansion in the world's history. </
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>A few
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dates will recall how far this exploration extended during Agricola's lifetime.
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<
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>Balboa first saw the Pacific in 1513; Cortes entered the City of Mexico in
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1520; Magellan entered the Pacific in the same year; Pizarro penetrated
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into Peru in 1528; De Soto landed in Florida in 1539, and Potosi was dis
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covered in 1546. Omitting the sporadic settlement on the St. </
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>Lawrence by
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Cartier in 1541, the settlement of North America did not begin for a quarter
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of a century after Agricola's death. </
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>Thus the revival of learning, with its
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train of Humanism, the Reformation, its stimulation of exploration and the
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re-awakening of the arts and sciences, was still in its infancy with Agricola.</
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>We know practically nothing of Agricola's antecedents or his youth. </
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>His
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real name was Georg Bauer (“peasant”), and it was probably Latinized by
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his teachers, as was the custom of the time. </
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>His own brother, in receipts </
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