Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000141">
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              rurſus peruenire videtur neceſſarium? </s>
              <s id="s.000142">Siue
                <lb/>
              enim trahatur caloris vi, ſeu ſpontè deſcen­
                <lb/>
              dat oleum, quantum ad vacui rationem at­
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              tinet, nihil intereſſe videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000143">Attamen ex­
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              perimentum edocet, ardere quidem lucer­
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              nam, & ſic ſenſim vacuam reddi: ſpontè
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              autem oleum nequaquam deſcendere. </s>
              <s id="s.000144">Cau­
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              ſa igitur eſt, quòd ignis calefaciendo rariùs
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              ac tenuiùs efficit oleum: id rarius factum
                <lb/>
              intumeſcit, & per D, foramen exuberat,
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              leuiſſimáque eius pars interim aſcendit ad
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              ſummum lucernæ, vbi A, ſcripſimus: quæ
                <lb/>
              cum multo aëre referta ſit, locum aëre com­
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              plet, ac ſic ſenſim augetur, dum
                <expan abbr="oleũ">oleum</expan>
              effundi­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.000145">Quamobrem & illud diligenter cauere
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              neceſſarium eſt, ne canalis D E F, iuſto bre­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg12"/>
                <lb/>
              uior ſit, aut ellychnium in F, maius: nam
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              vtroque modo oleum nimio calore celeriùs
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              intumeſcit, adeò vt effundatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000146">Hac ratione
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              excogitarunt Athenienſes lucernam ante
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              Mineruæ ſimulachrum, quæ toto anno ar­
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              deret. </s>
              <s id="s.000147">Nam A B C D, ſpatium auctum erat
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              iuxta multitudinem dierum anni: commo­
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              diùs forſan fuerit, ſi ſubere craticulæ ferreæ
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              ſuſtententur. </s>
              <s id="s.000148">Ideóque in vaſe maximo
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              oleum effuſum, perſeuerante flamma el­
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              lychnij ſufficiet in totum annum. </s>
              <s id="s.000149">Vt verò
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              perſeueret flamma, ellychnium comburi non
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              debet. </s>
              <s id="s.000150">Tale fit è ligno Carpaſio, hoc enim
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              non vritur: aut, vt inferiùs docebimus, è la­
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              pidum cruſtarum filis.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg13"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000151">
                <margin.target id="marg11"/>
              Lucerna mi­
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              rabilis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000152">
                <margin.target id="marg12"/>
              Lucerna toto
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              anno
                <expan abbr="ardẽs">ardens</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000153">
                <margin.target id="marg13"/>
              Vbique tria
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              ſunt, mate­
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              ria, forma
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              & anima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000154">Materia igitur vbique eſt, illa verò ſine
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              forma eſſe non poteſt, quare & formam vbi­
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              que eſſe neceſſe eſt: ſed & animam quan­
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              dam, ſeu quòd vbique fiat generatio, ſeu
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              quod magis ad præſentem attinet tractatio­
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              nem, in quocunque corpore, cùm extra lo­
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              cum ſuum fuerit, motus principium eſſe vi­
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              deatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000155">At motus non ab anima, ſed à na­
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              tura eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000156">Mea nihil intereſt, modò ( quod ad
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              præſentem mihi ſolùm tractationem neceſ­
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              ſarium eſt ) fatearis principium eſſe quod­
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              dam motus: nam de anima, an omnis natu­
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              ra anima ſit poſteriùs conſiderandum. </s>
              <s id="s.000157">Nunc
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              ſatis ſit, cùm miſta omnia ſint corporea aut
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              ſimplicia, quædam ex his vt leuia ſursùm,
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              alia deorsùm ferri vt grauia: neque verò
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              impelluntur: nam violenter ad propria re­
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              mearent: nec trahuntur: locus enim acci­
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              dens eſt, & elementum ipſum non trahit
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              vbique: vt cùm aqua ſursùm fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.000158">Inti­
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              mum igitur eſt, quo mouetur elementum,
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              aut ab elemento mixtum. </s>
              <s id="s.000159">Dico etenim mix­
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              tum, vt lapidem, à terra, quæ in ipſo eſt
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              deorsùm moueri, aut aqua. </s>
              <s id="s.000160">Siquidem mix­
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              ta & ipſa ab elemento, aut elementis, quæ
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              in ipſis dominantur, moueri ſolent. </s>
              <s id="s.000161">Cùm
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              verò corpora ipſa eiuſdem non fuerint ge­
                <lb/>
              neris, eodem in loco eſſe non poſſunt: nam
                <arrow.to.target n="marg14"/>
                <lb/>
              materia illa duas haberet ſimul formas. </s>
              <s id="s.000162">Plus
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              verò eſſe ac minùs de eodem corpore, oſten­
                <lb/>
              dunt oua vitrea, quæ cùm exuguntur, ex par­
                <lb/>
              uulo foramine aquam trahunt: nam aër ille
                <lb/>
              rarior factus ob attractionem denuò cogi­
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              tur, occupátque minorem locum quàm priùs,
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              atque ſic ne vacuum detur, aquam ad ſe
                <lb/>
              trahit. </s>
              <s id="s.000163">Igitur aër ipſe cogi poteſt, ac ſeip­
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              ſum ſubingredi, eadémque ratione rarior
                <lb/>
              euadere: vtque eſt terminus quidam in rari­
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              tate, qui vacui rationem habet atque ſic
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              mouet, ita denſitatis alius, quem ſi quis
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              præterire nitatur, motum excitat, qui vo­
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              catur impulſus. </s>
              <s id="s.000164">Fit igitur impulſus, vel cùm
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              corpus locum alterius ſubingreditur, vel cùm
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              idem corpus adeò craſſeſcit, vt tantam craſſi­
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              tiem ferre non queat: tunc enim locum alium
                <lb/>
              atque ampliorem quærens, motum impulſus
                <lb/>
              excitat: vtque à vacuo & raritate nimia attra­
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              ctio fit, ſic à denſitate maiore aut corporum
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              coïtione in vnum, impulſio, quæ attractioni
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              contraria eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000165">
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              Duo corpora
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              in eodem loco
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              eſſe non poſ­
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              ſunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000166">Igitur quòd corpora ſimilia coëant & ra­
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              reſcant, ab experimento acceptum eſt: ſed
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              ratio non adeò clara. </s>
              <s id="s.000167">Alexander putat ma­
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              teriam habere potentiam ad formas diuer­
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              ſas, quarum quantitates materiæ diuerſæ
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              ſunt: veluti ſi ex aqua fiat aër, quòd aër
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              minorem poſtulet materiam, materia illa
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              rareſcit, quod in igne dum è puluere fit, ma­
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              nifeſtè videmus. </s>
              <s id="s.000168">At condenſari & rareſce­
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              cere, eſt formam ex parte mutare. </s>
              <s id="s.000169">Cúm enim
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              aër cogitur, ad aquæ naturam tranſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000170">Vn­
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              de in cucurbitulis lintea madefacta cogunt
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              aërem, atque ideò magis trahunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000171">Igitur
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              quæ rareſcunt vel condenſantur, formam
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              partim mutant. </s>
              <s id="s.000172">At forma corporis, formam
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              elementi ſequitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000173">Repugnat igitur, duo
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              corpora ſimul eſſe, non ob materiam, quæ
                <lb/>
              potentia tantùm in loco eſt, & locum occu­
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              pat, & decernit ſibi quantitatem poteſtate
                <lb/>
              quidem ſola, non actu, ſed ob formarum di­
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              uerſitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.000174">Condenſari igitur corpus po­
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              teſt, quod ſimiles habet partes, non autem
                <lb/>
              corpora ſe penetrare poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000175">Porrò in con­
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              denſatione videtur difflari aliquid tenuius,
                <lb/>
              aut exprimi. </s>
              <s id="s.000176">Sed ſi ita eſt, videbitur quod
                <lb/>
              rareſcit, aut condenſat generari. </s>
              <s id="s.000177">Verùm ele­
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              mentorum mutatio adeò facilis eſt in con­
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              iuncta & ſimilia, vt non omninò vera
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              generatio videatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000178">Nam ex aqua in le­
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              bete aër fit ob ignis calorem: ignis au­
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              tem nihil generat. </s>
              <s id="s.000179">Non igitur eſt hæc ge­
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              neratio elementorum, ſed tranſmutatio quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam ad affinia. </s>
              <s id="s.000180">Dicemus autem de hoc in­
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              feriùs. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000181">
                <margin.target id="marg15"/>
              Corporum
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              vnitio quo­
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              modo fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000182">Ergo in vniuerſum tres erunt motus nà­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg16"/>
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              turales. </s>
              <s id="s.000183">Primus quidem ac validiſſimus à va­
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              cui fuga, ſed veriùs à forma elementi, cùm
                <lb/>
              maiorem raritatem non admittat, nec ma­
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              teriæ partes ſeparari vnquam queant. </s>
              <s id="s.000184">Cùm
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              igitur in follibus apertio maior fit, quàm
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              paucus ille aër ferre poſſit, primùm rarior
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              redditus, cùm materia prima ſeperationem
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              non admittat, aër ille non ſuſtinens maio­
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              rem raritatem, aut aliquid ad ſe trahit, aut
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              folles omninò diſrumpit. </s>
              <s id="s.000185">Non igitur à va­
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              cuo motus vllus, ſed à formis ipſis maximè
                <lb/>
              aëris, dum ampliùs diuelli nequit, nec ſe­
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              parari, fieri conſueuit. </s>
              <s id="s.000186">Eſſe autem hunc mo­
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              tum naturalem, oſtendit conſenſus in hoc
                <lb/>
              vniuerſi, & obedientia omnium corporum,
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              quæ relictis propriis motibus, vt huic ſa­
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              tisfaciant, aſcendunt ſpontè grauia, deſcen­
                <lb/>
              dúntque leuia. </s>
              <s id="s.000187">Secundus ( vt dixi ) è directo
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              huic contrarius, ſpecie quidem vt primus
                <lb/>
              à vacuo fit. </s>
              <s id="s.000188">Hic ne corpora ſe mutuò pene­
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              trent factus videtur, ſed veriùs oppoſitam
                <lb/>
              priori ob rationem, ne ſcilicet forma plus
                <lb/>
              iuſto, quàm debeat materiæ primæ conſe­
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              quatur, ſicut in priore ne iuſto minùs. </s>
              <s id="s.000189">Hunc </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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