Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, An epistle to fantoni, 1661

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The fourth Axiome is this; That every Corporeal thing, mo­
veable
or immoveable from its very firſt Creation, is alotted its
proper
and natural place; and being drawn or removed from
thence
, its motion is violent, and it hath a natural tendency to
move
back thither again: alſo that nothing can be moved from
its
natural place, ſecundum Totum; For moſt great and dreadſul
miſchiefs
would follow from that perturbation of things in the
Univerſe
.
Therefore neither the whole Earth, nor the whole

Water
, nor the whole Air can ſecundum totum be driuen or for­
ced
out of their proper place, ſite, or Syſteme in the Univerſe,
in
reſpect of the order and diſpoſition of other mundane Bodies.
And thus there is no Star (though Erratick) Orb or Sphere that
can
deſert its natural place, although it may otherwiſe have ſome
kind
of motion.
Therefore all things, how moveable ſoever,
are
notwithſtanding ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable in their
proper
place, according to the foreſaid ſenſe, i.e. ſecundum to­
tum
; For nothing hinders, but that ſecundum partes they may
ſome
waymove; which motion ſhall not be natural, but violent.
Therefore the Earth, although it ſhould be moveable, yet it
might
be ſaid to be immoveable, according to the precedent
Maxime
, for that its neither moved in a right Motion nor out of
the
Courſe aſſigned it in its Creation for the ſtanding Rule of its
motion
; but keep within its own ſite, being placed in that
which
is called the Grand Orb, above Venus, and beneath Mars,

and
being in the middle betwixt theſe (which according to the
common
opinion is the Suns place) it equally and continually
moveth
about the Sun, and the two other intermediate Planets,
namely
Venus and Mercury, and hath the Moon (which is another
Earth
, but Ætherial, as Macrobius after ſome of the ancient Phi­

loſophers
, will have it) about it ſelf.
From whence, inaſmuch as
ſhe
perſiſteth uniformly in her Courſe, and never at any time
departeth
from it, ſhe may be ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable:
and
in the ſame ſenſe Heaven likewiſe, with all the Elements,
may
be ſaid to be immoveable.
The Moon is an
Ætherial
Body.

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