Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div10" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s383" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="3" file="0009" n="9" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER I."/>
            tur à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s384" xml:space="preserve"> Et inuenimus iterum quòd colores corporum ferrei coloris, quando lux oritur ſuper ipſa
              <lb/>
            fortis, clareſcunt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s385" xml:space="preserve"> Et inuenimus etiam quòd, quando lux fortis oritur ſuper corpora denſa alba, au-
              <lb/>
            gmentantur in albedine & ſcintillatione apud ſenſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s386" xml:space="preserve"> Et inuenimus iterum, quòd, corpora diapha
              <lb/>
            na colorata coloribus fortibus, ſicut uina fortia fortis ruboris, quæ ſunt in uaſis diaphanis, quando
              <lb/>
            fuerint in locis obſcuris & lucibus debilibus, apparent nigra & obſcura, & quaſi non diaphana, &
              <lb/>
            cum fuerint in lucibus fortibus, & orta fuerit ſuper ipſa lux ſolis, clareſcunt colores eorum, & appa-
              <lb/>
            ret in eis diaphanitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s387" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſimiliter colores lapidum diaphanorum coloratorum, quando fuerint in
              <lb/>
            locis obſcuris, apparent turbidi & obſcuri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s388" xml:space="preserve"> & cum ſuper ipſos oritur lux fortis, uel ponuntur in op-
              <lb/>
            poſitione lucis, ita quòd lux per ipſos pertranſeat, apparent colores eorum clari, & apparet in eis
              <lb/>
            diaphanitas propter penetrationem lucis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s389" xml:space="preserve"> Et iterum quando corpora diaphana colorata ponuntur
              <lb/>
            in oppoſitione lucis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s390" xml:space="preserve"> & fuerit poſitum ex parte contraria parti lucis, corpus album, ſicut diximus
              <lb/>
            ſuperius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s391" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi lux fuerit fortis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s392" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit form a illius coloris in umbra eius ſuper corpus album op-
              <lb/>
            poſitum ei:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s393" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi lux oriens ſuper ipſum, fuerit debilis, apparebit ſuper corpus album oppoſitum ei
              <lb/>
            umbra tantùm, & non apparebit color.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s394" xml:space="preserve"> Et iterum inuenimus quòd pennæ pauonis, & pannus, qui
              <lb/>
            dicitur amilialmon, id eſt ſericus uiridis mixtus cum fuſco roſeo, diuerſificantur in colore apud ui-
              <lb/>
            ſum in diuerſis temporibus diei, ſecundum diuerſitatem lucis orientis ſuper ipſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s395" xml:space="preserve"> Significant ergo
              <lb/>
            iſtæ diſpoſitiones apparentes in coloribus, quòd colores corporum coloratorum non comprehen-
              <lb/>
            duntur à uiſu, niſi ſecundum luces orientes ſuper ipſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s396" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum luces fortes uiſibilium occultent
              <lb/>
            quaſdam res, quæ ſunt in quibuſdam uiſibilibus aliquando, & aliquando manifeſtent nobis res
              <lb/>
            quaſdam, quæ ſunt in quibuſdam uiſibilibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s397" xml:space="preserve"> & luces debiles uiſibilium aliquando manifeſtent
              <lb/>
            quaſdam res, quæ ſunt in quibuſdam uiſibilibus, & aliquando occultent quaſdam res, quæ ſunt in
              <lb/>
            quibuſdam uiſibilibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s398" xml:space="preserve"> & corporum coloratorum colores aliquando alterentur ſecundum diuerſi-
              <lb/>
            tatem lucis, quæ oritur ſuper ipſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s399" xml:space="preserve"> & luces fortes orientes ſuper ipſum uiſum, aliquando prohibeãt
              <lb/>
            ipſum uiſum à comprehenſione quorundam uiſibilium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s400" xml:space="preserve"> & uiſus tamen in omnibus iſtis nihil com-
              <lb/>
            prehendat ex uiſibilibus, niſi ſit illuminata forma.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s401" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo quod comprehendit uiſus ex re uiſa, non
              <lb/>
            eſt niſi ſecundum lucem, quæ eſt in illa re uiſa, & ſecundum luces, quæ oriuntur ſuper ipſum uiſum
              <lb/>
            in comprehenſione illius rei uiſibilis, & ſuper aerem medium inter uiſum & rem uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s402" xml:space="preserve"> Quare ue-
              <lb/>
            rò luces fortes prohibeant uiſum à comprehenſione uiſibilium quorũdam, declarabitur à nobis in
              <lb/>
            ſermone noſtro de qualitate uiſionis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s403" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div11" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head31" xml:space="preserve">DE COMPOSITIONE OCVLI, FORMA ET SI-
            <lb/>
          tu. Caput quartum.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head32" xml:space="preserve" style="it">4. Ortus & principium oculi exiſtit è cerebro: & conſtat è tribus humori-
            <lb/>
          bus & quatuor tunicis. 4 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s404" xml:space="preserve">OCulus eſt compoſitus ex telis & corporibus diuerſis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s405" xml:space="preserve"> & principium & incrementum eius
              <lb/>
            eſt ex anteriore parte cerebri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s406" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam ex anteriore parte creſcunt duo nerui optici conſi-
              <lb/>
            miles, & incipiunt oriri ex duobus locis à duabus partib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s407" xml:space="preserve"> anterioris cerebri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s408" xml:space="preserve"> & dicitur quòd
              <lb/>
            uterque illorum habet duas tunicas, & quòd creſcunt à duabus telis cerebri, & perueniunt ad me-
              <lb/>
            dium exterioris partis cerebri & anterioris cerebri, deinde concurrunt & efficiunt unum neruum
              <lb/>
            opticum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s409" xml:space="preserve"> deinde iſte neruus diuiditur, & efficiuntur iterum duo nerui optici ęquales & conſimiles:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s410" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            deinde extenduntur iſti duo nerui, donec perueniant ad duo conuexa duorum oculorum oſsium
              <lb/>
            concauorum continentium duos oculos:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s411" xml:space="preserve"> & in duobus medijs iſtorum duorum concauorum oſsiũ
              <lb/>
            ſunt duo foramina æqualiter perforata:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s412" xml:space="preserve"> & ſitus eorum in neruo communi, eſt ſitus conſimilis illi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s413" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Nerui ergo intrãt iſta duo foramina, & exeunt ad concaua duorum oſsium, & illic dilatantur & am-
              <lb/>
            pliantur, & efficitur extremitas utriuſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s414" xml:space="preserve"> eorum quaſi inſtrum entum ponendi uinum in dolijs:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s415" xml:space="preserve"> & u-
              <lb/>
            terq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s416" xml:space="preserve"> oculorum eſt compoſitus ſuper iſtam extremitatem nerui, quæ eſt prædictum inſtrumentum,
              <lb/>
            & conſolidatur cum ipſo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s417" xml:space="preserve"> & ſitus utriuſque oculorum ex neruo communi eſt ſitus conſimilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s418" xml:space="preserve"> Etto
              <lb/>
            tus uterq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s419" xml:space="preserve"> oculus eſt compoſitus extunicis multis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s420" xml:space="preserve"> Prima ergo illarum eſt pinguedo alba, quæ im-
              <lb/>
            pler concauum oſsis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s421" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt maxima pars oculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s422" xml:space="preserve"> & dicitur conſolidatiua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s423" xml:space="preserve"> Et intra iſtam pinguedinem
              <lb/>
            eſt ſphæra rotunda, concaua, nιgra ut plurimum, & uiridis, & glauca in quibuſdã oculis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s424" xml:space="preserve"> & corpus
              <lb/>
            iſtius ſphæræ eſt tenue, & inſuper denſum & non rarum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s425" xml:space="preserve"> & manifeſtũ eius eſt applicatum cũ conſo-
              <lb/>
            lidatiua:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s426" xml:space="preserve"> & interius eius eſt concauum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s427" xml:space="preserve"> & in parte concauitatis eſt quaſi quædã attritio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s428" xml:space="preserve"> & quaſi con
              <lb/>
            ſolidatiua continet iſtam ſphæram, præterquàm ſuum anterius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s429" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam conſolidatiua non coope
              <lb/>
            rit anterius iſtius ſphæræ, ſed circulatur ſuper anterius eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s430" xml:space="preserve"> & iſta tunica dicitur uuea, quia aſsimi-
              <lb/>
            latur uuæ Et in medio anterioris uueæ eſt foramẽ rotundum perforatũ uſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s431" xml:space="preserve"> ad eius concauũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s432" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt
              <lb/>
            oppoſitum extremitati concauitatis nerui, ſuper quem componitur oculus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s433" xml:space="preserve"> Et cooperit iſtud fora-
              <lb/>
            men, & omne anterius uueæ, in cuius circuitu circulatur conſolidatiua, extrinſecus tunica fortis, al
              <lb/>
            ba, diaphana:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s434" xml:space="preserve"> & dicitur cornea, quia aſsimilatur cornu albo & claro.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s435" xml:space="preserve"> Et intra concauũ uueæ eſt ſphæ
              <lb/>
            ra alba, parua, humida, receptibilis humiditatis formarũ uiſibilium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s436" xml:space="preserve"> & in ea eſt diaphanitas non in-
              <lb/>
            tenſa ualde, ſed aliqua ſpiſsitudo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s437" xml:space="preserve"> & diaphanitas eius aſsimilatur diaphanitati glaciei:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s438" xml:space="preserve"> & ideo dici-
              <lb/>
            tur glacialis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s439" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt cõpoſita ſuper extremitatẽ cõcauitatis nerui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s440" xml:space="preserve"> & in anteriori iſtius ſphæræ eſt cõ-
              <lb/>
            preſsio ſuperficialis parua, & aſsimilatur compreſsioni ſuperficiei lenticulæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s441" xml:space="preserve"> ſuperficies ergo ante-
              <lb/>
            rioris eius eſt portio ſuperficiei ſphæræ, maioris ſuperſicie ſphęrica, continente duo eius foramina:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s442" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            </s>
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