Clavius, Christoph, Gnomonices libri octo, in quibus non solum horologiorum solariu[m], sed aliarum quo[quam] rerum, quae ex gnomonis umbra cognosci possunt, descriptiones geometricè demonstrantur

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          <head xml:id="echoid-head7" xml:space="preserve">IN GNOMONICEN
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          PR AE FATIO.</head>
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            <image file="0009-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0009-01"/>
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s42" xml:space="preserve">INTER artes ac diſciplinas omnes, quas rerum auctor Deus, tanquam in-
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            finitæ ſuæ ſapientiæ, potentiæ ac maieſtatis argumenta quædam hominum ge-
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            neri communicauit, non in poſtremis cenſendæ videntur eæ, quas veteres
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            Philoſophi Mathematicas appellarunt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s43" xml:space="preserve">Cum enim ipſæ ſint ita exploratæ,
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            vt nihil probabile admittant, ſed illuſtribus omnia argumentis, neceſſarijs{q́ue}
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            demonſtrent, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s44" xml:space="preserve">homines ipſos, id quod inter cæteros etiam Ptolemæus agno-
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            uit ac profeſſus eſt, ad Dei bonitatem indagandam diligendamq́, alliciunt, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s45" xml:space="preserve">
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            noſtram omnium mentem à fluxarum caducarum{q́ue} rerum cupiditate auocan-
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            tes ſuadent, vt eam tantum in æterni, atque eiuſdem conſtantis boni amore
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            defigamus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s46" xml:space="preserve">Quod ipſum ſi commune eſt Mathematicis omnibus diſciplinis, quanto id erit magis Aſtro-
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            nomiæ proprium, quæ conſiderat cæleſtes illos orbes, quos Dei manus mir abili artificio ar chitectata eſt,
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            quorum tanta eſt in motu conſtantia, tanta etiam æqualitas, etiamſi nonnihil inter eos diſparile eſſe
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            videatur, vt fieri non poſſit, quin qui de his attente cogitet, eorum natura motuque perſpecto, ad ſum-
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            mum illorum motorem admir andum ſuſpiciendumque rapiatur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s47" xml:space="preserve">Et vero laudari Aſtronomia pro digni-
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            tate non poteſt, cum proponat videndam orbium cæleſtium magnitudinem, constantiſſimum Solis mo-
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            tum, varium eundemque certum Lunæ, ac reliquorum ſiderum curſum, eorum mutuum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s48" xml:space="preserve">cum Sole
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            congreſſum, ortum obitumque ſtellarum, earum collocationes, progreſſiones, inſtitiones, numerum,
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            amplitudinem, atque à terris diſtantiam. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s49" xml:space="preserve">Mitto illud, (quod eſt multo maximum) vnam Aſtronomiam
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            eſſe, quæ Solis, Lunæque defectiones pronunciet, quamquam nullum certum ſit defectionis vnius ab al-
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            tera interuallum, id quod experientia ipſa demonſtrat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s50" xml:space="preserve">Aſtronomi autem etſi non varijs modo litera-
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            rum monumentis tam admir abilem cælestium & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s51" xml:space="preserve">corporum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s52" xml:space="preserve">motuum doctrinam aliqua ex parte
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            hominibus tradere conati ſunt, verum etiam diuina propemodum ingenij abundantia multa instrumen-
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            ta inuenerunt, in quibus, tamquam in ſpeculo, cæleſtium motuum multitudinem ac varietatem
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            inſpicere liceret, nullum tamen ex eorum numero ſimplicius excuderunt, nullumque parabilius,
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            quam horologium id, quod Græci σ@ιοθηρικὸν, Latini, Solarium dicunt, in quo horæ in Sole inſpiciuntur;
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            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s53" xml:space="preserve">cuius ea natura eſt, vt in Sole poſitum, ex radij vnius, ſiue ſtyli vmbra, omnem motum poſitumque cæ-
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            li, quamuis varium, præcipue autem Solis, cernendũ præbeat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s54" xml:space="preserve">In hoc enim, ſi modo illuminetur à Sole,
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            quota ſit hora quolibet anni tempore apparet, quam ex duodecim ſigniferi or bis, qui græce ζοιακὸς dici-
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            tur, partibus Solipſe, quam cęli domum, quem Verticalem & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s55" xml:space="preserve">Horizontis parallelum obtineat, ecquod
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            ſupra Horizontem ſignum oriri, aut occidere incipiat, cuilibet horæ quota in cæteris terrę partibus re-
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            ſpondeat, cuius loci Meridianum Sol quauis hora poſſideat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s56" xml:space="preserve">Iam vero ſcientia, quæ in hac vnius inſtru-
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            menti ar chitectura verſatur, ὰπὸ τοῦ γνώμονος quem ſtylum, ſiue radium Latini dixerunt, γνομικὴ dicta
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            eſt, quam magnam afferre admirationem conſiderãtibus testatur Vitruuius, cũ doceat, in quodnam pun-
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            ctũ cuiusuis plani gnomonis vmbra qualibet hora incidat, qualẽ lineã totos dies, rectãne, an in orbẽ, aut
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            ſectionẽ aliquam conicã deſcribat, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s57" xml:space="preserve">reliquaid genus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s58" xml:space="preserve">Porro hac de ſcientia ita admir abili, etſi complu
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            res tum ex veteribus, tũ etiã ex recẽtioribus, multa ſcripſerunt, eorũ tamen nemo, meo quidem iudicio,
              <lb/>
            (quod nemini obtrectandi cauſa dico) eam omni ex parte perſecut us videtur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s59" xml:space="preserve">Aut enim nudam praxim
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            tradunt, quaratione confici horologia poſſint, nullam ad ea præcepta demonſtr ationem adhibentes, vt
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            recentiores fere omnes; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s60" xml:space="preserve">qua exre errores admittunt minime ferendos, vt ex Orontij Finæi de horologijs
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            commentario conſtat: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s61" xml:space="preserve">aut ſi qui conati ſunt ea præcepta demonſtrationum ponderibus examinare, id ita
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            breuiter, atque adeo obſcurè faciunt, vt vix vlla ex eorum lucubr ationibus vtilitas per cipi poſſit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s62" xml:space="preserve">Quod
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            cũ nõnulli magnis homines ingenijs apud me quererentur, rogarentque, vt nõnihil operæ at q; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s63" xml:space="preserve">induſtriæ in
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            ita eleganti, ſuaui, atque etiam ad tot res vtili Gnomonices ſcientia collocarem, multum studij ac tem
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            poris poſui, vt hoſce libros conſcriberem: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s64" xml:space="preserve">in quibus illud laboro, vt non ſolum, quaratione cuiuſcunque
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            generis horæ in qualibet plana ſuperficie deſcribantur, verum etiam alia multa, quæ ad Solis cæli{q́ue} mo-
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            tum pertinent, quanta maxima fieri potuit perſpicuit ate demonſtrem. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s65" xml:space="preserve">Opus ipſum octo libris totum con
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            cluſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s66" xml:space="preserve">Primo demonſtrantur problemata varia ac theoremata, quæ pertinent ad Analemma, ad co-
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            nicas ſectiones, ad horarios circulos, ad communes linearum horariarum interſectiones, ad planorum
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            declinationes & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s67" xml:space="preserve">inclinationes, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s68" xml:space="preserve">ad cætera huiuſmodi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s69" xml:space="preserve">Altero, quæ ſit Horizont alium, Vertica-
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            lium, Meridianorum, Polarium, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s70" xml:space="preserve">Aequinoctialium horologiorum ratio deſcribendorum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s71" xml:space="preserve">Tertio,
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            quomodo pingi horologia poſſint, quæ vel à Verticali primario, aut ab Horizonte declinant, vel incli-
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            nantur ad Horizontem, vel ſimul & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s72" xml:space="preserve">declinant à Verticali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s73" xml:space="preserve">ad Horizontem inclinantur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s74" xml:space="preserve">Quartus
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            agit de horologijs in ſphærarecta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s75" xml:space="preserve">obliquiſſima, quæ polum pro capitis vertice habet; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s76" xml:space="preserve">illud etiam ex-
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            @licat, qua arte ſtylus in ſuo ipſius loco collocetur, quæ ſit ars intelligendi, ad quam poli altitudinẽ, aut</s>
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