Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

Table of contents

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[101.] 51. Motus uiſibilis percipitur in tempore ſenſili.
[102.] 52. Quies percipitur è uiſibili, eundem ſitum locum́ tempore ſenſili occupante. 112 p 4.
[103.] 53. Aſperitas percipitur è luce aſper am ſuperficiem illuminante. 139 p 4.
[104.] 54. Lenit as percipitur è luce lenem ſuperficiem illuminante. 140 p 4.
[105.] 55. Perſpicuit{as} percipitur è perceptione corporis denſi ultra corp{us} perſpicuum poſiti. 142 p 4.
[106.] 56. Denſitas percipitur è perſpicuitatis priuatione. 143 p 4.
[107.] 57. Vmbra percipitur è lucis unius abſentia, alterius præſentia. 145 p 4.
[108.] 58. Obſcurit{as} percipitur è lucis priuatione & abſentia. 146 p 4.
[109.] 59. Pulchritudo percipitur tum è ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus, tum è pluribus ſimul coniun ctis, ſymmetris inter ſe. 148 p 4.
[110.] 60. Deformitas percipitur tum è ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus, tum è pluribus ſimul coniun-ctis, aſymmetris inter ſe. 149 p 4.
[111.] 61. Similitudo percipitur è uiſibilium inter ſe conuenientia. 151 p 4.
[112.] 62. Dißimilitudo percipitur è priuatione ſimilitudinis & conuenientiæ uiſibilium inter ſe. 152 p 4.
[113.] DE DIVERSITATE COMPREHENSIONIS VISVS AB intentionibus particularibus. Cap. III. 63. Viſus plures uiſibiles ſpecies ſimul percipit. 2 p 4.
[114.] 64. Viſio fit aſpectu, aut obtutu. 51 p 3.
[115.] 65. Viſio per aſpectum, fit per quemlibet pyramidis opticæ radium: per obtutum uerò fit per ſolum axem. 52 p 3.
[116.] 66. Obtut{us} iteratio alti{us} imprimit formas uiſibiles animo, certiores́ efficit. 58 p 3.
[117.] 67. E uiſibili ſæpi{us} uiſo remanet in animo generalis notio: qua quodlibet uiſibile ſimile per cipitur & cognoſcitur. 61 p 3. Idem 14 n.
[118.] 68. Eſſentia uiſibilis percipitur è ſpecieb{us} uifibilib{us}, beneficio formæ in animo reſiden-tis. 66 p 3.
[119.] 69. Diſtinctauiſio fit aut obtutu ſolo: aut obtutu & anticipata notione ſimul. 62 p 3.
[120.] 70. Obtut{us} fit in tempore. 56 p 3.
[121.] 71. Viſibile obtutu & antegreſſa cognitione ſimul, minore tempore percipitur, quàm ſolo ob-tutu. 64 p 3.
[122.] 72. Generales uiſibilis ſpecies citi{us} percipiuntur ſingularib{us}. 71 p 3.
[123.] 73. E uiſibilib{us} communib{us} alia alijs citi{us} percipiuntur. 72 p 3.
[124.] 74. Temp{us} obtut{us} pro ſpecierum uiſibilium uarietate uariat. 56 p 3.
[125.] 75. Viſio per anticipatam notionem & breuem obtutum, eſt incerta. 65 p 3.
[126.] 76. Vera uiſibilis forma percipitur obtutu: accurata conſideratione: & dilig enti omnium uiſibilium ſpecierum diſtinctione. 57 p 3.
[127.] ALHAZEN FILII ALHAYZEN OPTICAE LIBER TERTIVS.
[128.] PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. 1. 1. Viſ{us} in perceptione uiſibilium aliquando allucinatur. 1 p 4.
[129.] DE IIS QVAE DEBENT PRAEPONI SERMONI in deceptionibus uiſus. Cap. II. 2. Axes pyramidum opticarum utriuſ uiſ{us} per centrum foraminis uueæ tranſeuntes, in uno uiſibilis puncto ſemper concurrunt: & ſunt perpendiculares ſuperficiei uiſ{us}. 32. 35 p 3.
[130.] 3. Sit{us} uiſibilis erga utrun uiſum eſt plerun ſit{us} ſimilis. Ita axes pyramidum optica-rum & lineæ ab utro uiſu ductæ ad cõcurſum duorum axιum, factũ in recta linea adutrun axem perpendiculari, ſunt æquales. 40. 42 p 3.
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div213" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5928" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="103" file="0109" n="109" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER IIII."/>
            tur locus lucis reflexæ in pariete.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5929" xml:space="preserve"> Quare palàm, reflexionem fieri in luce forti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5930" xml:space="preserve"> In luce debili patére
              <lb/>
            poteſt facile.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5931" xml:space="preserve"> Si intra domũ aliquã, per foramen unicũ à terra elongatũ, ſed non multùm, deſcendat
              <lb/>
            lux diei, non ſolis, ſuper aliquod corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5932" xml:space="preserve"> & circa corpus ſtatuatur ſpeculũ ferreum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5933" xml:space="preserve"> & circa ſpeculũ
              <lb/>
            corpus aliquod albũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5934" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit in ſecun do corpore albo lux maior quàm ſine ſpeculo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5935" xml:space="preserve"> & augmen-
              <lb/>
            tũ illius nõ eſt, niſi ex ſpeculi reflexione, quoniã ablato ſpeculo ſola lux ſecundaria debilis appare-
              <lb/>
            bit in corpore albo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5936" xml:space="preserve"> Amplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5937" xml:space="preserve"> ſi diligens figatur intuitus in lineis, per quas à corpore primo lux in
              <lb/>
            ſpeculũ mittitur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5938" xml:space="preserve"> perpendetur quidẽ linearũ illarũ declinatio ſuper ſpeculũ, & ſuper idẽ linearum
              <lb/>
            punctũ, reflexionis declinatio eadẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5939" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt propriũ reflexionis, ut ſit eadẽ declinatio, & idẽ angulus
              <lb/>
            linearũ uenientiũ & reflexarũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5940" xml:space="preserve"> Quòd ſi moueatur corpus albũ à loco reflexionis in aliũ locũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5941" xml:space="preserve"> tamẽ
              <lb/>
            circa ſpeculũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5942" xml:space="preserve"> nõ uidebitur in eo lucis augmentũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5943" xml:space="preserve"> nec uideri poterit, niſi in illo ſitu tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5944" xml:space="preserve"> Quare
              <lb/>
            planũ eſt propriũ eſſe reflexionis hunc ſitũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5945" xml:space="preserve"> Hoc idẽ poterit uideri in ſecundaria luce:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5946" xml:space="preserve"> ſi prædictum
              <lb/>
            ſpeculũ ſit argenteum, & corpus tertiũ albũ ſit ex alia parte ſpeculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5947" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit quidẽ ſuper corpus
              <lb/>
            tertium lux ſecundaria, & ſuper corpus ſecundũ lux maior illa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5948" xml:space="preserve"> Et palàm, huius maioritatis cauſſam
              <lb/>
            ſolã eſſe reflexionẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5949" xml:space="preserve"> Patebit aũt in omni loco lucis reflexio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5950" xml:space="preserve"> ubi ſuper corpus deſcendit per foramẽ
              <lb/>
            aliquod lux fortis, adhibito luci ſpeculo, & ei corpore albo oppoſito, modo ſuprà dicto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5951" xml:space="preserve"> Verùm lo-
              <lb/>
            cũ reflexionis & linearũ ſitũ explanabimus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5952" xml:space="preserve"> Iã patuit in libro primo, [1.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5953" xml:space="preserve"> 2.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5954" xml:space="preserve"> 3.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5955" xml:space="preserve"> 14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5956" xml:space="preserve"> 18.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5957" xml:space="preserve"> 19 n] quòd lux re-
              <lb/>
            flexa ſequitur rectitudinem linearum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5958" xml:space="preserve"> quare ex corporibus politis fit reflexio ſecũdum proceſſum
              <lb/>
            rectitudinis in ſitu proprio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5959" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div214" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head247" xml:space="preserve" style="it">3. Lux & color à quolibet ſuperficiei coloratæ puncto ad quodlibet ſuperficiei politæ oppoſitæ
            <lb/>
          punctum permixti confluunt. 2 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5960" xml:space="preserve">AMplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5961" xml:space="preserve"> Planum eſt ex ſuperioribus, quòd lux ſecunda à corpore illuminato, accidentali lu-
              <lb/>
            ce procèdẽs, ſecũ fert colorẽ corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5962" xml:space="preserve"> Ab omni igitur corpore illuminato ſeu lucido color
              <lb/>
            mixtim cũ luce ad corpora oppoſita polita mittitur, & mixtim in partẽ debitã reflectitur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5963" xml:space="preserve"> Et
              <lb/>
            huic rei fides poterit fieri, ſi intra domũ unius foraminis tãtùm, deſcendat lux ſuper corpus forti &
              <lb/>
            ſpecioſo colore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5964" xml:space="preserve"> & ſtatuatur circa ipſum ſpeculũ ferreũ, & circa ſpeculũ corpus concauũ ad ſcyphi
              <lb/>
            modũ, intra quod ſit corpus albũ, & aptetur hoc uas in loco reflexionis, ut lux reflexa incidat in cor
              <lb/>
            pus albũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5965" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit quidẽ ſuper faciẽ albi corporis color illius, in qđ fit prim ò deſcenſus lucis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5966" xml:space="preserve"> qđ
              <lb/>
            quidẽ nõ accidet, ſi extra propriũ ſitũ reflexiõis ſtatuatur corpus albũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5967" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſecundũ diuerſas colorũ
              <lb/>
            ſpecies hoc ꝓbatũ inuenies, uelut in colore cœleſti, rubore, uiriditate, & huiuſmodi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5968" xml:space="preserve"> Quare planũ,
              <lb/>
            colorẽ mixtũ cũ luce remitti, & certiorẽ eſſe coloris reflexi apparẽtiã, ſi ſpeculũ fuerit argenteum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5969" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div215" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head248" xml:space="preserve" style="it">4. Reflexio debilit at lucem & colorem: & omnino totam uiſibilis ſpeciem. 3 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5970" xml:space="preserve">QVare autẽ nõ appareat hæc probatio, ſcilicet, quòd cõprehẽdatur color reflexus, cuicunq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5971" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            corpori opponatur ſpeculũ, ſed ei adhibeatur albũ, hæc eſt ratio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5972" xml:space="preserve"> ſicut ſuprà dictũ eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5973" xml:space="preserve"> colo-
              <lb/>
            res debiles (licet ſimul cũ luce mittãtur) nõ ſentiuntur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5974" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ enim, quæ reflectũtur, de-
              <lb/>
            biliores ſunt formis, à quibus reflexio oritur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5975" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc in hac luce poteſt patére.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5976" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniã luce forti in
              <lb/>
            ſpeculum cadẽte, & reflexa in pariete:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5977" xml:space="preserve"> debilior uidebitur lux parietis, quàm ſpeculi, & notabilis eſt
              <lb/>
            inter eas proportio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5978" xml:space="preserve"> Idẽ patebit in luce debili pari modo, ut in domo in prima diſpoſitiõe:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5979" xml:space="preserve"> ſi corpus
              <lb/>
            terſum tertiũ albũ ponamus loco ſpeculi ferrei, uel circa ipſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5980" xml:space="preserve"> maior apparebit lux ſuper hoc cor-
              <lb/>
            pus, quàm ſuper ſecũdũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5981" xml:space="preserve"> quod nõ accideret, niſi reflexio lucẽ debilitaret.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5982" xml:space="preserve"> Sed dicet aliquis, cauſſam
              <lb/>
            huius rei eſſe nigredinẽ ſpeculi ferrei, quæ admixta luci, in ſpeculũ cadenti, ipſam obumbrat, & re-
              <lb/>
            flexa in corpus ſecũdũ debilis & fuſca apparet:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5983" xml:space="preserve"> ſed in corpus tertiũ loco ſpeculi poſitũ nõ deſcẽdit
              <lb/>
            lux, niſi à corpore primo nulli admixta nigredini.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5984" xml:space="preserve"> Verùm quòd hoc nõ ſit in cauſſa, palàm ex eo eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5985" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quòd loco ſpeculi ferrei, argenteo poſito, eadẽ accidit probatio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5986" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo reflexus color debilior
              <lb/>
            erit colore, à quo fit reflexio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5987" xml:space="preserve"> quod in domo & uaſe, ut antea, patére poteſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5988" xml:space="preserve"> ſi corpus albũ loco ſpe-
              <lb/>
            culi ponatur, uel circa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5989" xml:space="preserve"> fortior apparebit in ipſo color, quã in corpore albo intra uas poſito.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5990" xml:space="preserve"> Et idem
              <lb/>
            patebit, ſi loco ferrei ſpeculi argenteũ ponatur ſpeculũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5991" xml:space="preserve"> Igitur reflexio debilitat & luces & colores:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5992" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſed colores amplius, quàm luces, ſecun dum utrumq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5993" xml:space="preserve"> ſpeculum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5994" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5995" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam colores accedunt
              <lb/>
            debiliores, quàm luces:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5996" xml:space="preserve"> unde facile efficiũtur in reflexione debiliores.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5997" xml:space="preserve"> Amplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5998" xml:space="preserve"> color debilis cum
              <lb/>
            peruenerit ad ſpeculũ, miſcetur colori eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5999" xml:space="preserve"> quare reflexus apparebit debilis & tenebroſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6000" xml:space="preserve"> Et for-
              <lb/>
            mæ debiliores ſunt reflexæ, quàm in loco reflexionis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6001" xml:space="preserve"> & reflexio cauſa eſt debilitatis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6002" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div216" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head249" xml:space="preserve" style="it">5. Lux & color reflexi ſunt debiliores luce & colore primis: fortiores autem ſecundis, cum
            <lb/>
          quibus ab eodem ortu æquabiliter diſtant. 4 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6003" xml:space="preserve">POterit aliquis dicere, nõ eſſe debilitatẽ formarũ in reflexione, niſi ex elongatione earũ à ſua
              <lb/>
            origine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6004" xml:space="preserve"> Sed explanabitur, quòd licet ab ortu æqualiter elongentur lux directa & lux reflexa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6005" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            tamen debilior erit reflexa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6006" xml:space="preserve"> Intret radius ſolis in domum aliquã per foramen:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6007" xml:space="preserve"> & opponatur ſo
              <lb/>
            ramini in aere ſpeculũ ferreũ minus foramine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6008" xml:space="preserve"> & lux foraminis reſidua cadat in terrã ſuper corpus
              <lb/>
            albũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6009" xml:space="preserve"> & lux à ſpeculo reflexa cadat in corpus albũ eleuatum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6010" xml:space="preserve"> hoc obſeruato:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6011" xml:space="preserve"> ut eadẽ fit eleuati & ia-
              <lb/>
            centis à foramine longitudo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6012" xml:space="preserve"> uidebitur quidẽ ſuper eleuatum lux minor, quàm ſuper iacens.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6013" xml:space="preserve"> Et hu
              <lb/>
            ius minoritatis nõ poteſt aſsignari cauſſa, niſi reflexio ſola.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6014" xml:space="preserve"> Idẽ accidit, ſi ſpeculum ſit argenteũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6015" xml:space="preserve"> Idẽ
              <lb/>
            in colore poteſt patére:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6016" xml:space="preserve"> lux enim ſolis in domũ aliquã per foramẽ deſcẽdat ſuper corpus coloris for
              <lb/>
            tis, cui adhibeatur ſpeculũ, & aliud corpus concauũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6017" xml:space="preserve"> intra quod ſit corpus albũ, in quod cadit refle
              <lb/>
            xio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6018" xml:space="preserve"> & ſtatuatur in domo aliud corpus albũ eiuſdẽ modi, cũ eo, quod eſt in cõcauo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s6019" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit elongatio
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>