Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

Table of contents

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[241.] 41. Communis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi conici cõuexi eſt lat{us} conicum uel ellipſis: nunquam uerò circul{us}. 12 p 7.
[242.] 42. Si communis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi conici conuexi, fuerit lat{us} co-nicum: reflexio à quocun ipſi{us} puncto facta, in eadem ſuperficie ſemper fiet. 19 p 7.
[243.] 43. Si cõmunis ſectio ſuperficierũ, reflexionis & ſpeculi conici cõuexi fuerit ellipſis: ab uno uel duob. cõſpicuæ ſuperficiei pũctis quib{us}libet, in eadẽ ſuքficie ad uiſum reflexio fieri poteſt. 34 p 7.
[244.] 44. Si uiſ{us} fuerit in caua ſpeculi ſphærici ſuperficie: uidebit totam: ſi intra uel extra: aliâs hemiſp hærium, aliâs pl{us}, aliâs min{us}: ſi in centro: ſe ipſum tantùm uidebit. 71. 72 p 4. 4 p 8.
[245.] 45. Si uiſ{us} ſit extra centrum ſpeculi ſphærici caui: uiſibile à quolibet ei{us} puncto ad uiſum reflecti poteſt: excepto eo, in quod recta à uiſu per centrum ſpeculi ducta, cadit. 6. 3 p 8.
[246.] 46. In ſpeculo cylindraceo cauo ſuperficies reflexionis quatuor habet puncta: uiſ{us}, uiſibilis, reflexionis, & axis, in quod perpendicularis à reflexionis puncto ducta, cadit. 3 p 9.83 p 4.
[247.] 47. Si communis ſectio ſuperficierum, reflexionis & ſpeculi cylindracei caui, fuerit lat{us} cy-lindr aceum, aut circul{us}: reflexio à quocun ſectionis puncto facta, in eadem ſuperficie fiet.
[248.] 48. Si communis ſectio ſuperficierum, reflexionis & ſpeculi cylindracei caui fuerit elli-pſis: à plurib{us} ei{us} punctis idem uiſibile ad eundem uiſum, in eadem ſuperficie reflecti po-teſt. 9 p 9.
[249.] 49. Si uiſ{us} fuerit intra ſpeculum conicum cauum: tota ei{us} ſuperficies uidebitur: ſi extra & recta à uiſu continuetur cum axe, uel conico latere: tot a occultabitur. 5. 2. 9. 3 p 9.
[250.] 50. Si uiſ{us} opponatur baſi ſpeculi conici caui: uiſibile intra ſpeculum poſitum, tantùm uide-bitur. 6 p 9.
[251.] 51. Ab uno cui{us}libet ſpeculi puncto, unum uiſibilis punctum ad unum uiſum reflectitur. 29. 30. 31 p 5. Item 37 p 5: item in præfat. 1. 5. & 10 librorum.
[252.] ALHAZEN FILII ALHAYZEN OPTICAE LIBER QVINTVS.
[253.] PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. I. 1. Imago eſt form a uiſibilis, à polit a ſuperficie reflexa. In def. 5 libri.
[254.] DE LOCIS IMAGINVM. CAP. II. 2. In ſpeculo plano imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ reflexio-nis. 37 p 5.
[255.] 3. In ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & li-neæ reflexionis. 11 p 6.
[256.] 4. In ſpeculis conuexis cylindraceo, conico, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis inci-dentiæ & lineæ reflexionis. 37 p 5.
[257.] 5. Rectarum linearum ab eodem uiſibilis puncto in ſpecula planum uel conuexum caden-tium: minima eſt perpendicularis. 21 p 1.
[258.] 6. In ſpeculo ſpbærico cauo, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ refle xionis. 37 p 5.
[259.] 7. In ſpeculis cauis cylindraceo, conico, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis inciden-tiæ & lineæ reflexionis. 37 p 5.
[260.] 8. Imago in quocun ſpeculo, uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ refle-scionis. 37 p 5.
[261.] 9. Imago in ſpeculo plano uidetur in perpendiculari incidentiæ. 36 p 5.
[262.] 10. Imago in ſpeculis conuexis, cauis: ſphærico, cylindraceo, conico uidetur in perpendiculari incidentiæ. 36 p 5.
[263.] 11. Viſibile & imago à ſpeculi plani ſuperficie in oppoſit {as} partes æquabiliter distant. 49 p 5.
[264.] 12. Viſu & uiſibili datis, in ſpeculo plano punctum reflexionis inuenire. 46 p 5.
[265.] 13. Si recta linea ab uno uiſu ſit perpendicularis ſpeculo plano, unum ipſi{us} punctũ; in quo uiſ{us} ſuperficiem ſecat, ab uno ſpeculi puncto, in quod cadit, ad eundem uiſum reflectetur. 32 p 5.
[266.] 14. Ab uno ſpeculi plani puncto, unum uiſibilis punctũ ad unũ uiſum reflectitur. 45 p 5.
[267.] 15. In ſpeculo plano, imagouni{us} puncti, una, & uno eodem́ in loco ab utroque uiſu uide-tur. 51 p 5.
[268.] 16. In ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo linea reflexionis & perpendicularis incidentiæ concurrunt: & imago uidetur in ipſarum concurſu. 9. 11 p 6. Idem 3 n.
[269.] 17. Finis contingentiæ in ſpeculo ſphærico, eſt concurſ{us} rectæ ſpeculum in reflexionis puncto tangentis, cum perpendiculari incidentiæ uel reflexionis. Et rect a à centro ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi ad imaginem, maior est recta ab imagine ad reflexionis punctum ducta. In def. 13 p 6.
[270.] 18. Si in ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo perpendicularis incidentiæ ſecetur à lineis reflexionis: & ſpeculum in reflexionis puncto tan-gente: erit, ut tota perpendicularis ad inferum ſegmentum: ſic ſu-perum ad intermedium. Et pars perpendicularis inter punctum contingentiæ, & peripheriam, communem ſectionem ſuperficie-rum reflexionis, & ſpeculi, erit minor eiuſdem peripheriæ ſemidia metro. 12. 14 p 6.
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          <pb o="133" file="0139" n="139" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER V."/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div296" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head317" xml:space="preserve" style="it">14. Ab uno ſpeculi plani puncto, unum uiſibilis punctũ ad unũ uiſum reflectitur. 45 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7847" xml:space="preserve">AMplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7848" xml:space="preserve"> forma puncti uiſi in ſpeculo plano non reflectitur ad eundẽ uiſum, niſi ab uno pun-
              <lb/>
            cto tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7849" xml:space="preserve"> Sit enim a centrum uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7850" xml:space="preserve"> b pun
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0139-01" xlink:href="fig-0139-01a" number="42">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables32" xml:space="preserve">a b h e d z</variables>
              </figure>
            ctum uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7851" xml:space="preserve"> z h ſpeculum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7852" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo dicatur,
              <lb/>
            quod à duobus punctis ſpeculi reflectatur forma b
              <lb/>
            ad uiſum a:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7853" xml:space="preserve"> ſit unum punctũ d, aliud e:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7854" xml:space="preserve"> & ducatur
              <lb/>
            linea à puncto uiſo ad uiſum, ſcilicet b a:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7855" xml:space="preserve"> quæ quidẽ
              <lb/>
            linea aut erit perpendicularis ſupra ſpeculũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7856" xml:space="preserve"> aut nõ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7857" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            [Siquidẽ cum ſpeculi ſuperficie concurrit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7858" xml:space="preserve"> Nã cum
              <lb/>
            ſit in plano lineæ h z per 23 n 4:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7859" xml:space="preserve"> h neceſſariò uel ad
              <lb/>
            ipſam parallela eſt, uel concurrit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7860" xml:space="preserve">] Si non fuerit per
              <lb/>
            pendicularis, ſcimus, quòd illa linea eſt in ſuperficie
              <lb/>
            reflexionis orthogonali ſuper ſuperficiem ſpeculi
              <lb/>
            [quia cõnectit duo pũcta a & b, quæ per 23 n 4 ſunt
              <lb/>
            in reflexionis ſuperficie, perpẽdiculari ad ſpeculi ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficiẽ, per 13 n 4:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7861" xml:space="preserve">] & in una ſola tali.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7862" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniam ſi in
              <lb/>
            duabus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7863" xml:space="preserve"> erit communis duabus ſuperficiebus ortho
              <lb/>
            gonalibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7864" xml:space="preserve"> & ſumpto in ea puncto, & ducta ab illo
              <lb/>
            linea in alteram ſuperficierum, ſuper lineam, com-
              <lb/>
            munem huic ſuperficiei & ſuperficiei ſpeculi, erit
              <lb/>
            [per 19 p 11] hæc linea orthogonalis ſuper ſpeculum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7865" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter ab eodem puncto ducatur linea in
              <lb/>
            alia ſuperficie ſuper lineam, communem huic ſuperficiei & ſuperficiei ſpeculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7866" xml:space="preserve"> erit hęc linea ortho-
              <lb/>
            gonalis ſuper ſpeculum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7867" xml:space="preserve"> Quare ab eodem puncto erit ducere duas perpendiculares ad ſuperficiem
              <lb/>
            ſpeculi [& ſic connexis per rectam lineam perpendicularium duarũ terminis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7868" xml:space="preserve"> erunt ipſæ ad con-
              <lb/>
            nectentem perpendiculares, per 3 d 11:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7869" xml:space="preserve"> itaque in triangulo rectilineo erunt duo anguli recti, co n-
              <lb/>
            tra 32 p 1.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7870" xml:space="preserve">] Cum ergo b a ſit in una ſola ſuperficie orthogonali:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7871" xml:space="preserve"> & tria puncta a, b, e ſint in eadem ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficie orthogonali [per 23 n 4] erunt a e, e b in illa ſuperficie orthogonali:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7872" xml:space="preserve"> ſimiliter [per 2 p 11]
              <lb/>
            e d, d b, d a.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7873" xml:space="preserve"> Quare e a, e b ſunt in eadem ſuperficie cum d a, d b:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7874" xml:space="preserve"> ſed angulus a e h eſt æqualis angu-
              <lb/>
            lo b e d, [per 10 n 4] & angulus a e h maior angulo a d e, [per 16 p 1] quia exterior.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7875" xml:space="preserve"> Quare b ed ma
              <lb/>
            ior a d e.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7876" xml:space="preserve"> Sed b d z æqualis a d e [per 10 n 4, & per 16 p 1 b d z maior b e d.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7877" xml:space="preserve">] Quare a d e maior b e d:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7878" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & dictum eſt, quod minor.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7879" xml:space="preserve"> Reſtat ergo, ut à ſolo puncto fiat reflexio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7880" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò a b ſit perpendicularis
              <lb/>
            ſuper ſpeculum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7881" xml:space="preserve"> iam dictum eſt, [13 n] quò d unicum eſt punctum in linea, à centro uiſus ad ſpecu
              <lb/>
            lum orthogonaliter ducta, cuius forma reflectitur à ſpeculo ad uiſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7882" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam probatum eſt, quòd
              <lb/>
            imago illius puncti ab uno ſolo reflectitur puncto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7883" xml:space="preserve"> Quare patet propoſitum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7884" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div298" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head318" xml:space="preserve" style="it">15. In ſpeculo plano, imagouni{us} puncti, una, & uno eodem́ in loco ab utroque uiſu uide-
            <lb/>
          tur. 51 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7885" xml:space="preserve">AMplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7886" xml:space="preserve"> inſpecto aliquo puncto ab utroque uiſu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7887" xml:space="preserve"> una tantùm & eadem imago apparet u-
              <lb/>
            trique uiſui & in loco prædicto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7888" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde planum eſt, quòd forma puncti non reflectitur ad u-
              <lb/>
            trumque uiſum ab eodem puncto ſpeculi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7889" xml:space="preserve"> Quia enim linea reflexionis ad unum uiſum pro-
              <lb/>
            cedens, angulum tenet cum perpendiculari erecta ſuper ſuperficiem ſpeculi, æqualem angulo, quẽ
              <lb/>
            tenet linea acceſſus formæ a d ſpeculum cum eadem perpendiculari [per 10 n 4:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7890" xml:space="preserve">] non poterit in
              <lb/>
            eadem ſuperficie ſumi alia linea, quæ æqualem angulum huic efficiat cum perpendiculari [ſecus
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0139-02" xlink:href="fig-0139-02a" number="43">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables33" xml:space="preserve">b a g q t d z e h</variables>
              </figure>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0139-03" xlink:href="fig-0139-03a" number="44">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables34" xml:space="preserve">a g b e d z t q h</variables>
              </figure>
            pars æquaretur toti, contra 9 ax:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7891" xml:space="preserve">] Vnde ab hoc puncto non reflectetur linea aliqua ad alterũ ui-
              <lb/>
            ſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7892" xml:space="preserve"> Oportet ergo ut à diuerſis punctis ſpeculi fiat reflexio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7893" xml:space="preserve"> Sint illa puncta t, z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7894" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit ſpeculũ pla-
              <lb/>
            num q e:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7895" xml:space="preserve"> punctum uiſum a:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7896" xml:space="preserve"> duo uiſus b, g:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7897" xml:space="preserve"> perpendicularis a d.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7898" xml:space="preserve"> Palàm ergo [per 23 n 4] quòd b t,
              <lb/>
            </s>
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