Bélidor, Bernard Forest de, La science des ingenieurs dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d' architecture civile

Table of Notes

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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3499" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="2" file="0180" n="186" rhead="LA SCIENCE DES INGENIEURS,"/>
              qui expliquent les qualitez des matériaux dont il faudra ſe ſervir,
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3500" xml:space="preserve">la maniere de les employer, l’on verra la neceſſité d’être bien
                <lb/>
              inſtruit des ſujets qui font l’objet des Chapitres ſuivans.</s>
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          <div xml:id="echoid-div253" type="section" level="2" n="73">
            <head xml:id="echoid-head201" xml:space="preserve">CHAPITRE PREMIER.</head>
            <head xml:id="echoid-head202" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Où l’on fait voir les proprietez des differentes ſortes de Pier-
              <lb/>
            res dont on ſe ſert pour bâtir.</head>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3502" xml:space="preserve">LA Pierre tenant le premier rang parmi les matériaux que nous
                <lb/>
              nous propoſons de décrire, il convient de commencer par en
                <lb/>
              expliquer la nature, on en diſtingue de deux qualitez differentes,
                <lb/>
              l’une dure & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3503" xml:space="preserve">l’autre tendre, celle qui eſt dure eſt ſans difficulté la
                <lb/>
              meilleure, il s’en rencontre pourtant quelquefois de tendre qui ré-
                <lb/>
              ſiſte mieux à la gelée que l’autre; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3504" xml:space="preserve">mais comme cela n’eſt pas ordi-
                <lb/>
              naire, on ne doit pasy compter; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3505" xml:space="preserve">car comme les parties de la Pierre du-
                <lb/>
              re ont leur pores plus condenſez que celles de la tendre, elles doivent
                <lb/>
              être capables d’une plus grande réſiſtance, ſoit aux injures du tems,
                <lb/>
              ou au courant des Eaux dans les Edifices aquatiques: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3506" xml:space="preserve">mais, pour
                <lb/>
              bien connoître la nature de la Pierre, il eſt à propos de rendre rai-
                <lb/>
              ſon pourquoi celle qui eſt dure, auſſi-bien que la tendre, eſt ſujette
                <lb/>
              à la gelée qui la fend & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3507" xml:space="preserve">la fait tomber par éclat.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3508" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3509" xml:space="preserve">Dans l’aſſemblage des parties qui compoſent la Pierre, il y a des
                <lb/>
              pores imperceptibles remplis d’eau & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3510" xml:space="preserve">d’humidité, qui, venant à
                <lb/>
              s’enfler dans le tems des gelées, fait effort dans ces pores pour
                <lb/>
              occuper un plus grand eſpace que celui où elle eſt reſſerrée, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3511" xml:space="preserve">la
                <lb/>
              Pierre ne pouvant reſiſter à cet effort, ſe fend & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3512" xml:space="preserve">tombe en deſ-
                <lb/>
              truction; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3513" xml:space="preserve">ainſi plus la Pierre eſt compoſée de parties argilleuſes
                <lb/>
              & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3514" xml:space="preserve">graſſes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3515" xml:space="preserve">plus elle doit participer de l’humidité, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3516" xml:space="preserve">par conſé-
                <lb/>
              quent être ſujette à la gelée.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3517" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3518" xml:space="preserve">Ce n’eſt pas ſeulement la gelée qui détruit la Pierre, on croît
                <lb/>
              que la Lune l’altere, ce qui peut arriver pour les Pierres d’une
                <lb/>
              certaine eſpece, dont les rayons de la Lune peuvent diſſoudre les
                <lb/>
              parties les moins compactes: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3519" xml:space="preserve">en ce cas, on pourroit croire que ces
                <lb/>
              rayons ſont humides, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3520" xml:space="preserve">que venant à s’introduire dansles pores de la
                <lb/>
              Pierre, ils ſont cauſe de la ſéparation de ces parties, qui tombant
                <lb/>
              inſenſiblement en parcelles, la fait paroître moulinée: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3521" xml:space="preserve">il en ſera au
                <lb/>
              reſte tout ce que l’on voudra; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s3522" xml:space="preserve">mais, ce qui me réjoüit, c’eſt que
                <lb/>
              ſi la Lune mange ou mouline les Pierres, la Terre qui doit être une </s>
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