Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div517" type="section" level="1" n="81">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head81" xml:space="preserve">CAP. III. DELLA DISPOSITIONE DE I VOLTI
            <lb/>
          DEL MODO DI COPRIRE, ET D’INCRO-
            <lb/>
          STAR I MVRI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15518" xml:space="preserve">QANDO adunque ſera biſogno fabricar’ à uolti, coſi fare ſi deue. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15519" xml:space="preserve">Siano diſpoſti gli Aſſeri, ò tra
              <lb/>
            uicelli dritti diſtanti piu di due piedi l’uno dall’altro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15520" xml:space="preserve">queſti ſiano di Cipreſſo, perche quelli di
              <lb/>
            Abete preſto ſono da i tarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15521" xml:space="preserve">dalla uecchiezza conſumati, quelli Aſſeri quando ſeranno à torno
              <lb/>
            diſpoſti in forma ritonda ſiano congiunti alle traui, ò coperti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15522" xml:space="preserve">conficcati con chiodi di ferro di-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-01" xlink:href="note-0195-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ſpoſte per ordine le catene, lequali ſiano fatte di quella materia, allaquale ne tarli, ne uecchiezza,
              <lb/>
            ne humore poſſa far danno, come il Boſſo, il Ginepro, l’Oliuo, il Rouere, il Cipreſſo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15523" xml:space="preserve">altri ſimi-
              <lb/>
            glianti, eccetto che di Quercia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15524" xml:space="preserve">Perche la Quercia torcendoſi nelle opere doue è poſta, ſi fende. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15525" xml:space="preserve">Diſpoſti che ſeran-
              <lb/>
            no ordinatamente quei trauicelli, à quelli ſi deue legare le canne Greche peſte, come richiede la forma del uolto,
              <lb/>
            con alcuni reſte fatte di Sparto Hiſpanico. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15526" xml:space="preserve">Similmente ſopra la curuatura ui ſia indotta la materia di calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15527" xml:space="preserve">d’a-
              <lb/>
            rena meſcolata, accioche ſe qualche gocciola cadera dal tauolato, ò da i tetti, facilmente ſi poſſa ſoſtenere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15528" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe
              <lb/>
            non ui ſerà copia di canne Greche, biſognera pigliare delle ſottil cannuccie de paludi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15529" xml:space="preserve">legarle inſieme, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15530" xml:space="preserve">di quel-
              <lb/>
            le far le mataſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15531" xml:space="preserve">le reſti quanto longhe ſi conuiene, ma di continuata groſſezza, pure che tra due nodi non ſia di-
              <lb/>
            ſtanza de i legamenti piu di due piedi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15532" xml:space="preserve">queſte mataſſe (come s’è ſcritto di ſopra) ſiano à gli Aſſeri, e trauicelli le-
              <lb/>
            gate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15533" xml:space="preserve">in eſſe conficcate ſiano le Spatelle di legno; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15534" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15535" xml:space="preserve">l’altre coſe tutte ſiano eſpedite (come s’è detto di ſopra.) </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15536" xml:space="preserve">Di-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-02" xlink:href="note-0195-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            poſte poi le curuature, e conteſte, ſia il loro cielo ſmaltato e coperto politamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15537" xml:space="preserve">con l’arena ſgroſſato, dapoi con
              <lb/>
            creta, ò Marmo polito, poi che i uolti politi ſeranno porre ſi deono le cornici, lequali ſi deono fare quanto piu ſi
              <lb/>
            puo ſottili, e leggieri, perche eſſendo grandi per lo peſo ſi ſtaccano, ne ſi poſſono ſoſtenere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15538" xml:space="preserve">In queſte per modo al-
              <lb/>
            cuno non ſi deue meſcolare il Geſſo, ma con criuellato marmo deono eſſer ad un modo egualmente tirate, accioche
              <lb/>
            facendo preſa laſciano l’opera ad un tempo ſeccarſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15539" xml:space="preserve">Egli ſi deue ancho nel far i uolti ſchiuare la diſpoſitione de gli
              <lb/>
            antichi, perche i piani delle loro cornici per lo gran peſo minacciando erano pericoloſi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15540" xml:space="preserve">Delle cornici altre ſono
              <lb/>
            ſchiette, altre ornate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15541" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15542" xml:space="preserve">Nei Conclaui doue ſono aſſai lucerne; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15543" xml:space="preserve">ò uero il fuoco ſtanno meglio le ſchiette, accioche piu facilmente ſi posſino net-
              <lb/>
            tare, ma ne i luoghi della ſtate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15544" xml:space="preserve">nella Eſſedre, doue non è fumo, ne caligine puo far danno, ſtan bene le orna-
              <lb/>
            te, perche ſempre le coſe bianche, per la ſoperbia e grandezza del candore, non ſolamente da i propi luoghi
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-03" xlink:href="note-0195-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            doue ſono, ma da gli altri edifici uicini pigliano il fumo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15545" xml:space="preserve">Fatte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15546" xml:space="preserve">eſpedite le cornici biſogna imboccare mol-
              <lb/>
            to bene i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15547" xml:space="preserve">ſgroſſarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15548" xml:space="preserve">ſeccandoſi quella ſgroſſatura ſian indotte le dritture dello arenato, di modo, che
              <lb/>
            le longhezze ſiano à linea, le altezze à piombo, gli anguli à ſquadra, perche la maniera delle coperte à queſto
              <lb/>
            modo ſera preparata per le pitture. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15549" xml:space="preserve">Cominciandoſi à ſeccare la data croſta di nouo ſe le dia un’altra di ſopra, e coſi
              <lb/>
            quanto piu fondata ſera la dritrura dello arenato, tanto piu ferma ſerà la ſodezza della intonnicatura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15550" xml:space="preserve">Quando poi
              <lb/>
            il parete doppo la prima ſgroſſatura con tre croſte almeno di arena ſerà ſormato, allhora ſi faranno le ſpianature con
              <lb/>
            grano di marmo, pur che la materia ſia temperata in modo, che quando ſerà impaſtata non ſi attacche al badile, ma
              <lb/>
            il ferro netto dal mortaio tratto ne ſia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15551" xml:space="preserve">Indottoui il grano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15552" xml:space="preserve">ſeccandoſi ſia data un’altra intonnicatura leggiermen
              <lb/>
            te, laquale ben battuta e fregata ſottilmente ſi dia. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15553" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque i pareti con tre coperte diarena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15554" xml:space="preserve">di mar-
              <lb/>
            mo aſſodati ſeranno, ne fiſſure, ne altro difetto potranno riceuere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15555" xml:space="preserve">Ma le ſodezze fondate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15556" xml:space="preserve">fermate con le batti-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-04" xlink:href="note-0195-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ture di baſtoni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15557" xml:space="preserve">con la ferma bianchezza del marmo liſciate, poſtoui ſopra i colori con le politure, manderanno
              <lb/>
            fuori eccellenti bellezze. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15558" xml:space="preserve">Quando i colori con diligenza ſono indotti ſopra le coperte non bene aſciutte, per que-
              <lb/>
            ſto non ſputano, ma ſtanno, fermi, perche la calce nelle fornaci aſciugato l’humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15559" xml:space="preserve">per le ſue rarita diuenuta uo
              <lb/>
            ta aſtretta dalla ſiccita tira l’humore à ſe delle coſe, che per ſorte la toccano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15560" xml:space="preserve">inſieme aſſodandoſi per le meſcolan-
              <lb/>
            ze fatte di coſe d’altra uirtu, concorrendoui i ſemi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15561" xml:space="preserve">i principij in ciaſcuno membro, che ella ſia formata ſec-
              <lb/>
            candoſi tale diuiene, che pare che habbia le propie qualita della ſua maniera, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15562" xml:space="preserve">pero le coperte, che ſon ben fat-
              <lb/>
            te, ne per la uecchiezza diuentano aſpre ne leuate rilaſciano i colori, ſe forſe non ſeranno con diligenza date nel
              <lb/>
            ſecco.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15563" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15564" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque in queſto modo, come è ſopradetto, i pareti ſeranno coperti potranno hauere, e fermezza, e
              <lb/>
            ſplendore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15565" xml:space="preserve">forza di durare eternamente; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15566" xml:space="preserve">ma quando ſera data una coperta di arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15567" xml:space="preserve">una di minuto marmo
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-05" xlink:href="note-0195-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſolamente, potendo poco quella ſottigliezza ſi rompe, ne può per la debolezza della groſſezza ſua conſeruare nel-
              <lb/>
            le’politure il propio ſplendore: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15568" xml:space="preserve">Perche come lo ſpecchio d’argento tirato di ſottil lametta rittiene incerta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15569" xml:space="preserve">debil
              <lb/>
            luſtrezza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15570" xml:space="preserve">quello che, è, di piu ſoda temperatura formato riceuendo in ſe con fermo potere la politezza, rende lu-
              <lb/>
            ſtre nello aſpetto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15571" xml:space="preserve">certe le imagini à riguardanti: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15572" xml:space="preserve">coſi le coperte fatte di materia ſottile, non ſolamente fanno le
              <lb/>
            fiſſure, ma ſi guaſtano preſtamente, ma quelle, che ſon fondate con piu croſte di arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15573" xml:space="preserve">con ſodezza di marmo,
              <lb/>
            fatte piu ſode, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15574" xml:space="preserve">con frequente politezze battute, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15575" xml:space="preserve">liſciate, non ſolamente luſtre ſi fanno, ma anchora riman-
              <lb/>
            dano fuori le imagine à riguardanti, I copritori de i Greci uſando queſte ragioni non tanto fanno le loro opere
              <lb/>
            ferme, ma ancho nel mortaio con calce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15576" xml:space="preserve">arena meſcolata con molti huomini peſtano la materia con pezzi di
              <lb/>
            legno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15577" xml:space="preserve">coſi ben battuta à concorrenza mettteno in opera.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15578" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15579" xml:space="preserve">Dalche è nato, che molti uſano in luogo di tauole da dipignere quelle croſte, che ſi leuano da i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15580" xml:space="preserve">quelli coper-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-06" xlink:href="note-0195-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            ti con le diuiſioni delle tauole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15581" xml:space="preserve">de gli ſpecchi hanno d’intorno à ſe gli ſporti eſpresſi dalle coſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15582" xml:space="preserve">Ma ſe ne i gratic-
              <lb/>
            ci ſi haueranuo à fare le coperte, nellequali è neceſſario, che ſi facciano le fiſſure, ne i dritti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15583" xml:space="preserve">trauerſi trauicelli,
              <lb/>
            (perche quando s’impaſtano di lote riceuonon l’humore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15584" xml:space="preserve">quando ſi ſeccano aſſottigliati fanno le fiſſure nelle cro-
              <lb/>
            ſte) accioche queſto difetto non auuegna, coſi ragioneuolmente ſi deue prouedere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15585" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15586" xml:space="preserve">Quando tutto il parete ſera impaſtato di loto, allhora in quell’opera ſiano le canne continue con chiodi muſcarij con-
              <lb/>
            fitte, dapo di nouo indottoui il loto ſe le prime canne ſeranno fitte per trauerſo, le ſeconde ſiano fitte per dritto,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15587" xml:space="preserve">coſi come (s’è di ſopra determinato) data ui ſia la croſta di arena, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15588" xml:space="preserve">di marmo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15589" xml:space="preserve">d’ogni maniera di coperta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15590" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            coſi doppiamente eſſendo fitta la continuità delle canne ne i pareti con ordini trauerſi, ne peli, ne fiſſure è per fa-
              <lb/>
            re in modo alcuno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15591" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15592" xml:space="preserve">Tratta della Diſpoſitione de i uolti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15593" xml:space="preserve">queſto è neceſſario, imperoche male ſi potranno coprire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15594" xml:space="preserve">intonnicare i uolti, ſe non ſeranno fer-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0195-07" xlink:href="note-0195-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            mi, e ben fatti; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15595" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15596" xml:space="preserve">atti a riceuere gli abbellimenti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15597" xml:space="preserve">le intonnicature, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15598" xml:space="preserve">pero prima egli ce inſegna, come douemo far i uolti, perche
              <lb/>
            ſoſtentino gli ornamenti, come douemo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15599" xml:space="preserve">di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15600" xml:space="preserve">di ſotto di quelli ſm altarli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15601" xml:space="preserve">darli di bianco, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15602" xml:space="preserve">come ſotto quelli ſi hanno à fare
              <lb/>
            le Cornici, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15603" xml:space="preserve">ſotto le Cornici come ſi banno ad intonicare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15604" xml:space="preserve">biancheggiare i pareti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15605" xml:space="preserve">finalmente ci mostra come ſi babbiano à fare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15606" xml:space="preserve">à
              <lb/>
            coprire i pareti di Craticij.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15607" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15608" xml:space="preserve">Noi in uniuerſale parleremo de i uolti, accioche tutta la preſente materia ci ſia dinanzi à gliocchi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15609" xml:space="preserve">udurremo parte di quello, che dice l’Alberto
              <lb/>
            nel Terzo al 14 Cap.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s15610" xml:space="preserve"/>
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