Clavius, Christoph, Gnomonices libri octo, in quibus non solum horologiorum solariu[m], sed aliarum quo[quam] rerum, quae ex gnomonis umbra cognosci possunt, descriptiones geometricè demonstrantur

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div12" type="section" level="1" n="11">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s245" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="3" file="0023" n="23" rhead="LIBER PRIMVS."/>
            id eſt, horas olim ad dicendum fuiſſe conceſſas. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s246" xml:space="preserve">Alij aſſerunt, ea vaſa fuiſſe vitrea ſubtiliter perforata, in
              <lb/>
            quibus horæ æqualib{us} dimenſionibus erant ſignatæ, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s247" xml:space="preserve">ad quorum fundum foramen illud paruũ guttatim
              <lb/>
            aquam emittebat, ſic{q́ue} per aquæ diminutionem horæ elapſæ deprehendebantur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s248" xml:space="preserve">His hac noſtra tempeſtate
              <lb/>
            ſucceſſerunt horologia quædam è vitro fabrefacta, quæ arenam, pulueremve ſubtiliſſimum habent inclu-
              <lb/>
            ſum, qui per for amen admodum exiguum ſenſim ex parte ſuperiore in inferiorem delabitur, horas{q́ue} ela-
              <lb/>
            pſas hac ratione oſtendũ
              <unsure/>
            t. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s249" xml:space="preserve">Scd procul dubio cuncta hactenus enumer at a horologia multis partibus anteit
              <lb/>
            horologium illud, quod hac noſtra f
              <unsure/>
            ere ætate, mir abili artificio, ingenio{q́ue} præctanti inuentum eſt, conſtat {q́ue}
              <lb/>
            rotulis quibuſdam denticulatis, libratis{q́ue} ponderibus ad hor{as}, horarum{q́ue} partes, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s250" xml:space="preserve">ad motus cælestes
              <lb/>
            demonstrandos, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s251" xml:space="preserve">alia buiuſmodi per commodum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s252" xml:space="preserve">Verum nos de hiſce horologijs Mechanicis, quòd à no-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0023-01" xlink:href="note-0023-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            ſtro inſtituto abborreant, in hoc opere nihil ſcripturi ſumus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s253" xml:space="preserve">Quare ad prior a horologia, quæ per vmbram
              <lb/>
            ſolis, vel radios aliorum aſtrorum hor{as} diximus indicare, reuertamur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s254" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div16" type="section" level="1" n="12">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head14" xml:space="preserve">DE HOROLOGIIS SCIOTHERICIS
            <lb/>
          eorum{q́ue} varijs generibus.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s255" xml:space="preserve">HOROLOGIA omnia, quæ paulo ante ex ſola vmbra ſolis hor{as} monſtrare diximus, ſolaria à
              <lb/>
            ſcriptorib{us} appellari ſolent, ſeu ſciotherica, ab vmbra ſolis. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s256" xml:space="preserve">σκιόθηρον enim locum ſignificat captan-
              <lb/>
            dæ vmbræ idoneum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s257" xml:space="preserve">Vnde σκιοθηρα inſtrumenta ſunt mathematica, quibus vmbrę excipi ſolent; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s258" xml:space="preserve">vt horolo-
              <lb/>
            gium ſciothericum ſit inſtrumentum, in quo ex vmbra ſolis, ſiue aliorum aſtrorum radys, qui inſtar vmbræ
              <lb/>
              <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0023-02" xlink:href="note-0023-02a" xml:space="preserve">Horologium
                <lb/>
              Sciochericum
                <lb/>
              quid.</note>
            ſunt, certa diei hora & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s259" xml:space="preserve">quantitas, ortus & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s260" xml:space="preserve">occaſus ſolis, ſigna zodiaci, in quib{us} ſol verſatur, atque ple-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0023-03" xlink:href="note-0023-03a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            raq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s261" xml:space="preserve">alia ad res cœleſtes ſpectantia, artificioſè demõſtrantur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s262" xml:space="preserve">Multis autem modis diuidi poteſt horologiũ
              <lb/>
            ſciothericum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s263" xml:space="preserve">Primum enim quædam dicta ſunt penſilia, eo quod ex ipſis è manu liberè pendentib{us}, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s264" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
              <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0023-04" xlink:href="note-0023-04a" xml:space="preserve">Sciothericorũ
                <lb/>
              horologiorum
                <lb/>
              varia genera.</note>
            verſus ſolem, vel alia quæcũq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s265" xml:space="preserve">aſtra directis, horas cognoſcam{us}: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s266" xml:space="preserve">qualia ſunt illa omnia, in quibus vtimur
              <lb/>
            aut pinnacidijs, hoc eſt, tabellis quibuſdam quadratis perforatis, quales in dioptra Aſtrolabij affigi ſolẽt,
              <lb/>
            aut foramine aliquo per exiguo, aut deniq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s267" xml:space="preserve">filo cum perpendiculo, in quo nonnunquã nodulus quidam mobi-
              <lb/>
            lis apponitur, ad hor{as} diſcernend{as}; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s268" xml:space="preserve">cuiuſmodi ſunt Aſtrolabia, Cylindri, quadrantes, annuli aſtronomi-
              <lb/>
            ci, horarijve, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s269" xml:space="preserve">id genus alia, de quib{us} in lib. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s270" xml:space="preserve">@. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s271" xml:space="preserve">agemus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s272" xml:space="preserve">Quædam verò ſtabilia ſunt, certumq́, ſitum in
              <lb/>
            aliquo plano requirunt, ita vt neceſſe non ſit ea pendere, quæ quidem per gnomonis, stylive vmbram ho-
              <lb/>
            r{as} oſtendunt, diſtribuuntur{q́ue} in duo genera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s273" xml:space="preserve">Alia enim in ſuperficie plana, quæ alicui circulo cœleſti ma-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0023-05" xlink:href="note-0023-05a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            ximo æquidiſtet, delineantur: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s274" xml:space="preserve">Alia vero in ſuperficie non plana, vt in hemiſphærio concauo aut conuexo,
              <lb/>
            vel in Cylindro conuexo, vel concauo, vel in quacunq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s275" xml:space="preserve">alia ſuperficie, quæ plana non eſt, depinguntur, de
              <lb/>
            quibus in octauo libro ſcribemus; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s276" xml:space="preserve">nunc genera illorum, quæ in ſuperficiebus planis deſcribuntur, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s277" xml:space="preserve">de qui-
              <lb/>
            bus potiſſimum in hoc opere diſſeremus, recenſeamus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s278" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s279" xml:space="preserve">HOROLOGIORVM igitur ſolarium, quæ in plana aliqua ſuperficie deſcribuntur, plurima ſunt
              <lb/>
              <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0023-06" xlink:href="note-0023-06a" xml:space="preserve">Horologia ſo@a
                <lb/>
              ria diuiduntur
                <lb/>
              ratione circulo
                <lb/>
              rum maximo-
                <lb/>
              rũ, quibus equi-
                <lb/>
              diſtant, & à qui
                <lb/>
              bus nomen ac-
                <lb/>
              eipiunt.</note>
            genera, pro multitudine cælestium circulorum maximorum, quibus ſuperficies planæ horologiorũ æquidi-
              <lb/>
            ſtant, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s280" xml:space="preserve">à quibus horologia ipſa nomina inuenerunt, vt propoſ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s281" xml:space="preserve">2. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s282" xml:space="preserve">huius libri docebimus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s283" xml:space="preserve">Sed quoniã præ-
              <lb/>
            cipuè nouem circuli maximi in cœlo conſider ari poſſunt ſitu, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s284" xml:space="preserve">poſitione differentes, efficitur, vt totidem
              <lb/>
            ſint gener a horologiorum, quæ in ſuperficie aliqua plana deſcribuntur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s285" xml:space="preserve">Circuli autem maximi ſunt hi, Ho-
              <lb/>
            rizon; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s286" xml:space="preserve">verticalis circulus proprie dictus, incedens per verticem capitis, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s287" xml:space="preserve">communes ſectiones A E qua-
              <lb/>
            toris, at q; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s288" xml:space="preserve">Horizontis; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s289" xml:space="preserve">Meridianus; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s290" xml:space="preserve">Circulus horæ 6. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s291" xml:space="preserve">a meridie, vel media nocte, per polos mundi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s292" xml:space="preserve">eaſ-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0023-07" xlink:href="note-0023-07a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            dem ſectiones communes A E quatoris, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s293" xml:space="preserve">Horizontis ductus; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s294" xml:space="preserve">A E quator; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s295" xml:space="preserve">Verticalis cir culus quicunque
              <lb/>
            à proprie dicto Verticali deflectens, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s296" xml:space="preserve">ad Horizontem rect{us}; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s297" xml:space="preserve">Circul{us} maximus ab Horizonte declinãs
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s298" xml:space="preserve">per communes ſectiones Meridiani, Horizontis{q́ue} tranſiens, at q; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s299" xml:space="preserve">ad verticalem proprie dictum rect{us};
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s300" xml:space="preserve">Circul{us} maxim{us} ad Horizontem inclinatus, qui per cõmunes ſectiones Aequatoris, Verticalis propriè
              <lb/>
            dicti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s301" xml:space="preserve">Horizontis deſcribitur, rect{us}{q́ue} eſt ad Meridianum; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s302" xml:space="preserve">Circulus deniq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s303" xml:space="preserve">maximus & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s304" xml:space="preserve">ad Horizontẽ,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s305" xml:space="preserve">ad Meridianũ, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s306" xml:space="preserve">ad Verticalem propriè dictum inclinatus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s307" xml:space="preserve">Quoniã vero quilibet horum circulorum
              <lb/>
            præter Horizõtem, du{as} habet facies, quæ interdiu à ſole illustrari poſſunt, vt Verticalis tam proprie di-
              <lb/>
            ct{us}, quàm ille, qui ab eo declinat, vnã habet, quæ ad meridiẽ vergit, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s308" xml:space="preserve">alterã, quæ ſpectat ad boreã; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s309" xml:space="preserve">Me-
              <lb/>
            ridian{us} autẽ unam, quæ ortum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s310" xml:space="preserve">alterã, quæ occaſum reſpicit; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s311" xml:space="preserve">Cæteri deniq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s312" xml:space="preserve">Circuli ad Horizontem in-
              <lb/>
            clinati habent ſuperiorem vnam, quæ ad Zenith, ſeu verticem capitis, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s313" xml:space="preserve">inferiorẽ alteram, quæ ad Nadir
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0023-08" xlink:href="note-0023-08a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ſpectat; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s314" xml:space="preserve">fit vt in vniuerſum ſint ſeptemdecim genera huiuſmodi horologiorum, quæ it a appellari poterunt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s315" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="right" xml:space="preserve">Quot ſint gene
            <lb/>
          ra horologiorũ
            <lb/>
          ſolariũ, quæin
            <lb/>
          ſuperficie plana
            <lb/>
          deſcribuntur.</note>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s316" xml:space="preserve">1. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s317" xml:space="preserve">HORIZONTALE, quod Horizonti æquidiſtat.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s318" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s319" xml:space="preserve">2. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s320" xml:space="preserve">VERTICALE ad meridiẽ ſpectãs, qđ
              <unsure/>
            circulo Verticali p
              <unsure/>
            priè dicto par allelũ eſt, meridiẽ{q́ue} reſpicit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s321" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s322" xml:space="preserve">3. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s323" xml:space="preserve">VERTICALE ad Boream vergens, quod eidem Verticali Circulo æquidiſtat, ſpectat{q́ue} ad Se-
              <lb/>
            ptentrionem, ſeu Boream.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s324" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s325" xml:space="preserve">4. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s326" xml:space="preserve">MERIDIANVM Orientale, quod circulo Meridiano æquidiſtat, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s327" xml:space="preserve">ad ortum ſolis vergit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s328" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s329" xml:space="preserve">5. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s330" xml:space="preserve">MERIDIANVM Occidentale, quod eidem Meridiano circulo eſt par allelum, reſpicitque ad
              <lb/>
            Occidentem ſolem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s331" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s332" xml:space="preserve">6. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s333" xml:space="preserve">POLARE ſuperius, quod æquidiſtat circulo illi maximo, qui per puncta veri, æquinoctialiſve
              <lb/>
            ortus, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s334" xml:space="preserve">occaſus, (hoc eſt, per communes ſectiones A E quatoris, Horizontis, Verticaliſ{q́ue}) at q; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s335" xml:space="preserve">per vtrũq;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s336" xml:space="preserve">mundi polum tra@ſit, ſpectat{q́ue} ad Zenith.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s337" xml:space="preserve"/>
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