Blancanus, Josephus, Sphaera mvndi, sev cosmographia demonstratiua , ac facile methodo tradita : in qua totius Mundi fabrica, vna cum nouis, Tychonis, Kepleri, Galilaei, aliorumq' ; Astronomorum adinuentis continentur ; Accessere I. Breuis introductio ad geographiam. II. Apparatus ad mathematicarum studium. III. Echometria, idest Geometrica tractatio de Echo. IV. Nouum instrumentum ad Horologia

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div28" type="section" level="1" n="18">
          <pb o="7" file="0023" n="23"/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div29" type="section" level="1" n="19">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head21" xml:space="preserve">SPHÆRÆ MATERIALIS.
            <lb/>
          ET MVNDANÆ
            <lb/>
          SIMVL EXPLICATIO.
            <lb/>
          LIBER PRIMVS.</head>
          <figure number="12">
            <image file="0023-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0023-01"/>
          </figure>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div30" type="section" level="1" n="20">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head22" style="it" xml:space="preserve">Suppoſitiones. Cap. I.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s992" xml:space="preserve">1 PRæterilla, quæ extrinſecus accepta tam ex Geometria, quam ex Arithmetica, vt
              <lb/>
            initio apparatus dictum eſt, ſupponit Aſtronomia; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s993" xml:space="preserve">adhuc alia intrinſeca, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s994" xml:space="preserve">ſibi
              <lb/>
            propria principia, ac veluti fundamenta ſupponit, quæ quidem duplicis ſunt
              <lb/>
            generis, alia enim appellant Aſtronomi Phęnomena, ſeu Apparentias, eò quod
              <lb/>
            omnibus etiam vulgò appareant, ac manifeſta ſint, vti ſunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s995" xml:space="preserve">Stellas, Lunam, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s996" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Solem oriri, ac occidere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s997" xml:space="preserve">omnia ſydera moueri ab Oriente in Occidentem: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s998" xml:space="preserve">So-
              <lb/>
            lem hyeme humilius incedere, æſtate vero altius: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s999" xml:space="preserve">non ſemper Solem ex eodem
              <lb/>
            Horizontis loco aſcendere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1000" xml:space="preserve">alia id genus complura ſupponimus ceu cunctis
              <lb/>
            notiſſima.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1001" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1002" xml:space="preserve">Alterum genus principiorum ex ſe habet Aſtronomia aliũde non petitorum, quæ
              <lb/>
            πηρύσεις, ideſt obſeruationes appellantur: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1003" xml:space="preserve">ſunt autem cognitiones quædam ab experimentis comparatæ,
              <lb/>
            quæ non omnibus, vti apparentiæ, innoteſcunt, ſed ijs tantummodo, qui diligenti opera, atq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1004" xml:space="preserve">inſtrumentis
              <lb/>
            ad id artificiosè elaboratis, in ſtellarum ſcientiam nauiter incumbunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1005" xml:space="preserve">huius generis ſunt, Solis, ac Lunæ
              <lb/>
            diametros viſibiles, aliquando maiores, aliquando minores videri; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1006" xml:space="preserve">Solem in parte Zodiaci Boreali am-
              <lb/>
            plius octo diebus immorari, quam in Auſtriali: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1007" xml:space="preserve">huiuſmodi etiam ſunt, Planetas aliquando eſſe retrogrados,
              <lb/>
            aliquando ſtationarios, veloces, tardos, directos, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1008" xml:space="preserve">alia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1009" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1010" xml:space="preserve">2 Cum de Sphæra acturi ſimus, tria de ea præmittere debemus, quorum primum eſt ipſius Etymologia.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1011" xml:space="preserve">Sphęra igitur, græca vox eſt, quæ latine
              <unsure/>
            redditur pila, aut globus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1012" xml:space="preserve">ſecundum eſt ipſius deſinitio, quã Theo-
              <lb/>
            doſius Tripolita in ſuis ſphœricis Elementis aſſert in hunc modum: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1013" xml:space="preserve">Sphęra eſt corpus ſolidum, rotundum,
              <lb/>
            vnica ſuperficie contentum, in cuius medio punctum eſt, à
              <unsure/>
            quo omnes lineæ ductæ ad circunferentiam, vel
              <lb/>
            ad ambientem ſuperficiem ſunt æquales: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1014" xml:space="preserve">quod punctum dicitur centrum Sphœræ Diameter vero Sphęræ
              <lb/>
            eſt linea recta tranſiens per centrum eius, atque vtrinq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1015" xml:space="preserve">ad vltimam ſuperficiem deſinens. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1016" xml:space="preserve">Axis autem eſt
              <lb/>
            vna ex diametris circa quam Sphera reuoluitur, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1017" xml:space="preserve">denominaturab ἀξἐω græco, quod reuoluere ſignificat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1018" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            extrema vero axis puncta poli dicuntur à πολεω, ideſt verto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1019" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1020" xml:space="preserve">Orbis porrò differt à
              <unsure/>
            Sphęra, quod hæc ad centrum vſque ſit ſolida, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1021" xml:space="preserve">vnica exteriori ſuperficie ſit con-
              <lb/>
            tenta, quæ conuexa dicitur; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1022" xml:space="preserve">ille vero non eſt ſolidus, ſed intus vacuus, vnde & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1023" xml:space="preserve">duabus ſuperficiebus termi-
              <lb/>
            natur, extrinſeca, quæ conuexa eſt, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1024" xml:space="preserve">interna, quæ concaua: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1025" xml:space="preserve">tales imaginamur eſſe Cælos.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1026" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1027" xml:space="preserve">Cæterum quamuis Sphęra Armillaris non ſit ſolida, nec propriè ſit Sphęra, aut Orbis, quia tamen eius
              <lb/>
            circuli Sphęram Mundi vtcumque repræſentant, ideo Sphęra dicitur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1028" xml:space="preserve">Eius definitionem initio propoſ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1029" xml:space="preserve">7.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1030" xml:space="preserve">apparatus attullimus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1031" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1032" xml:space="preserve">3 Loco prænotandum eſt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1033" xml:space="preserve">poſitionem, ſeu potius conſtitutionem Sphęræ triplicem eſſe, quemadmo-
              <lb/>
            dum etiam ipſius mundanæ Sphęræ vnde oritur Sphęra recta, obliqua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1034" xml:space="preserve">pararella: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1035" xml:space="preserve">quando enim ita con-
              <lb/>
            ſtituitur vt vterque polus ſit in horizonte dicitur Sphęra recta, quod in tali ſitu Æquator, ac circuli ei para-
              <lb/>
            lelli, tropici, ac polares recta aſcendant ſupra Horizontem, ideſt angulos rectos cum eo efficiant: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1036" xml:space="preserve">Quando
              <lb/>
            vero vnus polorum ſupra Horizontem citra verticem, alter vero infra Horizontem exiſtit, dicitur Sphę-
              <lb/>
            ra obliqua, quoniam Æquator ac ei paralelli circuli oblique ſiue ad angulos obliquos Horizontem ſecant:
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1037" xml:space="preserve">Quando tandem alter polorum Zenith, ſeu verticem, alter vero Nadir, ſiue imum Cæli occupat, paralella
              <lb/>
            dici debet Sphęra, ex eo quod Æquator, atq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1038" xml:space="preserve">ipſi paralelli circuli conſtituantur ad Horizontem, imo in hac
              <lb/>
            poſitione Æquator ad vnguem ipſi Horizonti congruit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1039" xml:space="preserve">Verum de varijs mundanæ Sphęræ conſtitutioni-
              <lb/>
            bus, atq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1040" xml:space="preserve">habitationibus, quæ ab illis oriuntur, ſeorſim in fine operis agendum erit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1041" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1042" xml:space="preserve">Cauſa huius mutationis Sphęræ, eſt rotunditas (vt enim poſtea probabimus terra rotunda eſt) ex rotundi-
              <lb/>
            tate enim terræ prouenit, vt varia loca, varios habeant horizontes, quorũ aliqui tranſeant per mundi polos,
              <lb/>
            hincque oritur Sphęra recta: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1043" xml:space="preserve">alij polum alterum ſupra ſe eleuatum, alterumvero depreſſum quadrantenus
              <lb/>
            habeant, atq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1044" xml:space="preserve">hæc eſt obliqua Sphœra; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1045" xml:space="preserve">vnus tandem ſolus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1046" xml:space="preserve">Horizon habeat alterum polorum </s>
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