Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div550" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head475" xml:space="preserve">ALHAZEN FILII</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head476" xml:space="preserve">ALHAYZEN OPTICAE</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head477" xml:space="preserve">LIBER SEPTIMVS.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16490" xml:space="preserve">SEptimi tractat{us} ſunt ſeptem partes.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16491" xml:space="preserve"> Prima pars eſt proœmium.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16492" xml:space="preserve"> Secunda, quòd lux
              <lb/>
            tranſeat diaphana corpora ſecundum uerticationes linearum rectarum, & refrin
              <lb/>
            gatur, cum occurrit corpori, cui{us} diaphanit{as} fuerit diuerſa à diaphanitate corporis, in
              <lb/>
            quo existit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16493" xml:space="preserve"> Tertia de qualitate refractionis luminum in diaphanis corporib{us}.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16494" xml:space="preserve"> Quarta,
              <lb/>
            quòd quicquid comprehenditur à uiſu ultra diaphana corpora, quorũ diaphanit{as} dif-
              <lb/>
            fert à diaphanitate corporis, in quo uiſ{us} exiſtit, cum fuerit decliue à perpendicularib{us},
              <lb/>
            exeuntib{us} ſuper ſuperficiem eorum, comprehenditur ſecundum refractionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16495" xml:space="preserve"> Quinta
              <lb/>
            de phantaſmatib{us}.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16496" xml:space="preserve"> Sexta, quomodo uiſ{us} comprehendat uiſibilia ſecundum refractio-
              <lb/>
            nem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16497" xml:space="preserve"> Septima de fallacijs uiſ{us}, quæ accidunt ex refractione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16498" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div551" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head478" xml:space="preserve">PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. I.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head479" xml:space="preserve" style="it">1. Viſio fit trifariam: rectè, reflexè & refractè. In præfat. 1. 10 libr. Idem 1 n 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16499" xml:space="preserve">PRædictum eſt in proœmio quarti tractatus huius libri [1 n] quòd uiſus tribus modis
              <lb/>
            comprehendat uiſibilia, uidelicet ſecundum rectitudinem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16500" xml:space="preserve"> ſecundum reflexionem
              <lb/>
            à terſis corporibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16501" xml:space="preserve"> & ſecundũ refractionẽ ultra diaphana corpora, quæ differunt in
              <lb/>
            diaphanitate à diaphanitate aeris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16502" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd uiſus nihil cõprehẽdit ex uiſibilibus, niſi
              <lb/>
            aliquo iſtorũ triũ modorũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16503" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd quolibet iſtorũ modorum cõprehendit uiſus uiſi
              <lb/>
            bilia & omnes res, quæ ſunt in uiſibilibus, & omnibus modis uiſionis, quorũ diſtin-
              <lb/>
            ctio declarata eſt in ultima differentia ſecundi tractatus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16504" xml:space="preserve"> In præcedentibus autem tractatibus decla
              <lb/>
            ratum eſt, qualiter uiſus comprehendat uiſibilia ſecundum rectitudinem, & ſecundum reflexionẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16505" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & oſtendimus diuerſitatem comprehenſionis uiſus ad uiſibilia ſecundum utrumq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16506" xml:space="preserve"> iſtorum modo-
              <lb/>
            rum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16507" xml:space="preserve"> Remanet ergo declararare, quomodo uiſus comprehendat uiſibilia ſecundum refractionem
              <lb/>
            ultra corpora diaphana.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16508" xml:space="preserve"> Nos autem in iſto tractatu ſolummodo de refractione tractabimus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16509" xml:space="preserve"> & ma-
              <lb/>
            nifeſtabimus formam refractionis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16510" xml:space="preserve"> & diſtinguemus eius modos:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16511" xml:space="preserve"> & diuidemus proprietates eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16512" xml:space="preserve"> &
              <lb/>
            declarabimus, quomodo accidat uiſui in huiuſmodi uiſione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16513" xml:space="preserve"> Et primò proponemus fundamenta,
              <lb/>
            quæ certificant, quicquid dependet ab hac re.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16514" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div552" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head480" xml:space="preserve">QVÒ
            <unsure/>
          D LVX PERTRANSEAT PER DIAPHANA CORPORA SECVN
            <lb/>
          dum uerticationes linearũ rectarum, & refringatur, cum occurrit cor-
            <lb/>
          pori, cuius diaphanitas fuerit diuerſa à diaphanitate
            <lb/>
          corporis, in quo exiſtit. Cap. II.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head481" xml:space="preserve" style="it">2. Constructio organi refractionis. 1 p 2.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16515" xml:space="preserve">QVòd lumen quidem tranſeat in aerem, & extendatur ſecundum lineas rectas, declaratũ eſt
              <lb/>
            in tractatu primo huius operis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16516" xml:space="preserve"> [14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16517" xml:space="preserve"> 17.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16518" xml:space="preserve"> 28 n] aer autem eſt unum de corporibus diaphanis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16519" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            per aquam autem, uitrũ, & diaphanos lapides lumen tranſit, & extenditur ſecundum lineas
              <lb/>
            rectas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16520" xml:space="preserve"> hoc autem comprehenditur per experientiam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16521" xml:space="preserve"> Si quis ergo experiri uoluerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16522" xml:space="preserve"> accipiat lami-
              <lb/>
            nam ex ære rotundam, cuius diameter nõ ſit minor uno cubito:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16523" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit ſpiſsitudo eius aliquantulum
              <lb/>
            fortis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16524" xml:space="preserve"> & habeat oras rotundas, perpendiculares ſuper ſuperficiem eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16525" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit altitudo orarum eius
              <lb/>
            non minor latitudine duorum digitorũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16526" xml:space="preserve"> In medio autem dorſi laminæ ſit aliquod corpus paruum,
              <lb/>
            columnare, rotundũ, cuius longitudo non minor latitudine trium digitorum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16527" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit perpendiculare
              <lb/>
            ſuper ſuperficiem laminæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16528" xml:space="preserve"> Et ponamus hoc inſtrumentũ in tornatorio, in quo tornant tornarij in-
              <lb/>
            ſtrumenta cupri, & ponamus alterum dentem tornatorij in medio laminæ, & reliquũ in medio ex-
              <lb/>
            tremitatis corporis, quod eſt in dorſo laminæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16529" xml:space="preserve"> & radamus reuoluendo hoc inſtrumentum abraſio-
              <lb/>
            ne uera, quouſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16530" xml:space="preserve"> uerificetur rotunditas orarum ſuarum intus & extrà, & adæquetur ſuperficies inte
              <lb/>
            rior & exterior, & fiant duæ ſuperficies æquidiſtantes:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16531" xml:space="preserve"> & abrademus etiam corpus, quod eſt in dor-
              <lb/>
            ſo, donec fiat rotundum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16532" xml:space="preserve"> Cum ergo hoc inſtrumentum fuerit perfectum per abraſionem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16533" xml:space="preserve"> ſignemus
              <lb/>
            in ſuperficie eius interiore duas diametros ſecantes ſe perpendiculariter:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16534" xml:space="preserve"> & ſunt tranſeũtes per cen
              <lb/>
            trum eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16535" xml:space="preserve"> deinde ſignemus punctum in baſi oræ inſtrumenti, cuius diſtantia ab extremitate alte-
              <lb/>
            rius duarum diametrorum ſecantium ſe, eſt latitudo unius digiti:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16536" xml:space="preserve"> deinde extrahamus exiſto pun-
              <lb/>
            cto tertiam diametrum tranſeuntem per centrum laminę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16537" xml:space="preserve"> quę quidem diameter extendatur in tota
              <lb/>
            ſuperficie eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16538" xml:space="preserve"> deinde extrahamus à duobus extremis huius diametri duas lineas in ſuperficie oræ
              <lb/>
            </s>
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