Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div664" type="section" level="1" n="116">
          <pb o="230" file="0240" n="249" rhead="LIBRO"/>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19649" xml:space="preserve">Auuertir douemo che quando Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19650" xml:space="preserve">dice, che il minor Cane ſeguita i Gemelli, intende che il minor Cane è à dirimpetto ſopra i Gemelli, perche
              <lb/>
            l’ordine di Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19651" xml:space="preserve">è di porre le imagini di quà, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19652" xml:space="preserve">di là dal Zodiaco accompagnandole con i ſegni del Zodiaco, accioche egli ſi ſappia il loro ſiro
              <lb/>
            nel cielo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19653" xml:space="preserve">però douemo auuertire à queſto in tutto il trattamento di ſopra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19654" xml:space="preserve">di ſotto, ilche bene conſiderato ci leuer à la difficultà
              <lb/>
            d’intendere molte coſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19655" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19656" xml:space="preserve">Ma Orione è a ttrauerſato, ſottopoſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19657" xml:space="preserve">fiaccato ſotto l’ongia del Toro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19658" xml:space="preserve">tiene con la ſiniſtra la claua, alzando l’ltra
              <lb/>
            mano fopra i Gemelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19659" xml:space="preserve">ſuo paſſo poco diſtante al cane, che perſeguita il Lepore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19660" xml:space="preserve">Ma al Montone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19661" xml:space="preserve">à i Pesci, è
              <lb/>
            ſottopoſta la Balena, dalla cui creſta ordinatamente all’uno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19662" xml:space="preserve">all’altro Peſce, è diſpoſto un ſottile ſpargimento di
              <lb/>
            Stelle, che in Greco è detto Hermidone.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19663" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19664" xml:space="preserve">Plinio chiama commiſſura de i peſci quella, che Greci chiamano Hermidone, altri la nominano cinta ò legame, altri lino, ò filo, percioche pare, che
              <lb/>
            annodi la parte ſettentrionale con la meridiana. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19665" xml:space="preserve">Hermidone uuol dire piacere, ò diletto di Mercurio, ma con difficultà tragge dal commento
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-01" xlink:href="note-0240-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            di Arato il ſenſo di questa coſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19666" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19667" xml:space="preserve">Et di dentro per grande ſpacio oppreſſo il nodo à guiſa di ſerpenti tocca la ſommità della creſta della Balena.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19668" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19669" xml:space="preserve">Cioé detto nodo entra molto dentro nella parte Auſtrale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19670" xml:space="preserve">come i giri di ſerpenti ruttorto peruiene ſin’alla ſommità della cresta della Balena,
              <lb/>
            puo anche stare, che la parola, che è nel latino ſerpentium, non ci uoglia eſſere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19671" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19672" xml:space="preserve">Ma il fiume Eridano ſcorrendo per una apparenza di ſtelle prende il capo della ſua ſonte dal ſiniſtro piede di Orione;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19673" xml:space="preserve">ma quell’acqua, che ſi dice eſſer ſparta dallo Acquario ſcorre tra la teſta del peſce Auſtrale & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19674" xml:space="preserve">la coda della Balena.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19675" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19676" xml:space="preserve">Io ancho interpreterei à queſto modo, per la imagine di Eridano ſcorre un fiume di ſtelle prendendo il capo della ſua ſonte dal ſinſtro piede
              <lb/>
            d’Orione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19677" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19678" xml:space="preserve">Io ho eſpoſto quei ſimulachri di ſtelle, che dalla natura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19679" xml:space="preserve">dalla mente diuina diſſegnate, come piacque à Democrito ſi
              <lb/>
            loſofo naturale ſono ſtate figurate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19680" xml:space="preserve">formate nel mondo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19681" xml:space="preserve">Ma nõ tutte però da me ſono ſtati poſti, ma ſolamẽte quel
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-02" xlink:href="note-0240-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            li, de quali potemo auuertire gli orti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19682" xml:space="preserve">gli occaſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19683" xml:space="preserve">quegli con gli occhi uedere, imperoche ſi come i ſettentrioni gi-
              <lb/>
            randoſi d’intorno al cardine dello aſſe non trãmontano, ne uanno ſotto l’orizonte, coſi d’intorno al cardine meridia-
              <lb/>
            no, che per la inclinatione del mondo è ſotto la terra, girandoſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19684" xml:space="preserve">naſcondendendoſi le ſtelle non hanno le ſalite ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19685" xml:space="preserve">però le loro figurationi pe lo impedimento della terta non ci ſono maniſelte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19686" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta coſa ci da indi-
              <lb/>
            tio la ſtella di canopo, che à queſte parti non è conoſciuta, come ſi ha per relatione dei mercanti, che all’eſtreme parti
              <lb/>
            dello Egitto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19687" xml:space="preserve">à quelle, che ſono uicine, à gli ultimi termini della terra ſtati ſono.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19688" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19689" xml:space="preserve">Sieſcuſa Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19690" xml:space="preserve">perche non ha poſto tutte le conſtellationi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19691" xml:space="preserve">figure douẽdo come Astronomo parlar di eſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19692" xml:space="preserve">non hauer riſetto al ſuo orizõte,
              <lb/>
            ma in generale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19693" xml:space="preserve">Canopo è una ſtella poſta nel ſeguente remo della naue coſi nominata dall’Iſola Canopo, doue prima fu conoſciuta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19694" xml:space="preserve">Quelli, che ſi
              <lb/>
            partono dalla Arabia petrea uerſo l’Azania per dritto nauigando al meriggie uan contra la ſtella Canopo, che in que luoghi è nommata caual-
              <lb/>
            lo, chiamaſi iui ſubel, cioè incendio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19695" xml:space="preserve">queſto per la moltitudine, è grandezza de i raggi, Questa riſplende(come dice Plinio)all’Iſola Taproba
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-03" xlink:href="note-0240-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            na, era queſta ſtella al tempo di Ptolomeo in gradi 17 minuti idi Gemini, ha di latitudine meridiana gradi 75. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19696" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19697" xml:space="preserve">la declinatione gradi 52 mi-
              <lb/>
            nuti 10. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19698" xml:space="preserve">ma à noſtri di è nel ſettimo grado di Cancro con latitudine meridiana di graddi 75, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19699" xml:space="preserve">di declinatione gradi 51. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19700" xml:space="preserve">minuti 34. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19701" xml:space="preserve">Questa
              <lb/>
            ſtella non è ueduta in Italia, à Rhodi è uiciniβima all’Orizonte: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19702" xml:space="preserve">un quarto di ſegno pare alzata in Aleſſandria, et coſi piu s’inalza à gli habitan
              <lb/>
            ti uerſo le parti meridiane.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19703" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19704" xml:space="preserve">Del giramento del mondo d’intorno la terra, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19705" xml:space="preserve">della diſpoſitione, de i dodici ſegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19706" xml:space="preserve">della parte ſettentrionale, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19707" xml:space="preserve">meri
              <lb/>
            diana delle Stelle, come ſia lo aſpetto, ne ho dato ammaeſtramento, Imperoche dal girar del mondo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19708" xml:space="preserve">dal contrario
              <lb/>
            mouimento del Sole, ne i ſegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19709" xml:space="preserve">dalle ombre fatte da gli ſtili, e gnomoni al tempo de gli equinottij, ſi trouano le
              <lb/>
            ragioni de gli analem mi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19710" xml:space="preserve">Ma le altre coſe, cioè che effetti habbiano i dodici ſegni, le cinque Stelle, il Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19711" xml:space="preserve">la Luna
              <lb/>
            quanto appartiene alla ragione della Aſtrologia, ſi deono conciedere à i ragionamenti de i Caldei, imperoche è loro
              <lb/>
            propio il diſcorſo delle natiuità, perche posſino & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19712" xml:space="preserve">le paſſate, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19713" xml:space="preserve">le future coſe dalle ragioni delle ſtelle far manifeſte:
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19714" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-04" xlink:href="note-0240-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19715" xml:space="preserve">le loro inuentioni, che in ſcritto hanno laſciato, dimoſtrano con che ſolertia, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19716" xml:space="preserve">con che acutezza d’ingegno hab-
              <lb/>
            biano ragionato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19717" xml:space="preserve">quanto grande ſiano ſtati quelli, che uenuti ſono dalla natione de Caldei. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19718" xml:space="preserve">Il primo fu Beroſo, che
              <lb/>
            nell’Iſola, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19719" xml:space="preserve">nella città di Coo ſedeſſe, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19720" xml:space="preserve">apriſſe iui le ſcole inſegnando la diſciplina loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19721" xml:space="preserve">Dapoi fu lo ſtudente An
              <lb/>
            tipatro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19722" xml:space="preserve">Archinapolo, ilquale non dal punto del naſcimento, ma dalla concettione laſcio manifeſto le ragioni delle
              <lb/>
            natiuità. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19723" xml:space="preserve">Ma delle coſe naturali Thalete Mileſio, Anaxagora Clazomenio, Pithagora Samio, Xenoſane Colofonio,
              <lb/>
            Democrito Abderita, con che ragioni la natura ſi reggeua, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19724" xml:space="preserve">in che modo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19725" xml:space="preserve">quali effetti habbiano laſciarono ben pẽ
              <lb/>
            ſato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19726" xml:space="preserve">Le inuentioni de iquali hauendo ſeguitato Eudoxo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19727" xml:space="preserve">Eudemo, Caliſto, Melo, Philippo, Hipparcho, Arato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19728" xml:space="preserve">gli
              <lb/>
            altri trouaron per Aſtrologia gli orti delle ſtelle, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19729" xml:space="preserve">gli occaſi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19730" xml:space="preserve">le ſignificationi delle tẽpeſta, con le diſcipline à que-
              <lb/>
            ſto formati, che parapegmata ſi chiamano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19731" xml:space="preserve">à poſteri le laſciarono, le ſcienze de iquali deono eſſer ammeſle da gli
              <lb/>
            huomini, perche di tanta cura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19732" xml:space="preserve">diligenza ſtati ſono, che pareno molto prima con diuina mente annũciare le ſigni
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-05" xlink:href="note-0240-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            ficationi de i tempi, che hanno à uenire, per lequal coſe à i penſieri, è ſtudi di quelle, tali inuẽtioni ſi deono cõcedere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19733" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div670" type="section" level="1" n="117">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head117" xml:space="preserve">CAP. VIII. DELLE RAGIONI DE GLI HOROLOGI, ET DELL’OMBRE DE
            <lb/>
          I GNOMONI AL TEMPO DELLO EQVINOTTIO A RO-
            <lb/>
          MA, ET IN ALCVNI ALTRI LVOGHI.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19734" xml:space="preserve">MA noi da quelli, coſi douemo ſeparare la ragione de gli horologi, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19735" xml:space="preserve">eſplicare le breuità de i giorni,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19736" xml:space="preserve">le longhezze di meſe in meſe, imperoche il Sole al tempo dello equinottio raggirandoſi nel Mõ-
              <lb/>
            tone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19737" xml:space="preserve">nella Bilancia di noue parti del Gnomone, otto ne fa di ombra in quella inclinatione, che è
              <lb/>
            à Roma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19738" xml:space="preserve">in Athene tre parti ſono dell’õbra, di quattro del Gnomone, ma à Rhodi à ſette cinque
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-06" xlink:href="note-0240-06a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            riſpondono, à Taranto noue ad undeci, in Aleſſandria tre à cinque: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19739" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19740" xml:space="preserve">coſi in tutti gli altri luoghi,
              <lb/>
            altre ombre equinottiali ad altro modo per natura ſi trouano ſeparate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19741" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19742" xml:space="preserve">Volendo Vitr.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19743" xml:space="preserve">darci il modo, colquale poβiamo fare gli horologi da Sole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19744" xml:space="preserve">uuole, che noi auuertiamo l’ombre, che ſanno le cofe dritte ſopra l’orizõ
              <lb/>
            te, quando è il mezzo di al tempo dello equinottio, percioche uedẽedo noi la proportione dell’ ombra alla coſa, che fa Põbra potemo trarne lo ana
              <lb/>
            lemma, ilche è come modulo de gli horologi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19745" xml:space="preserve">Imperoche Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19746" xml:space="preserve">non ce inſegna qui à fare alcuno horologio, ma bene ci apre la uia, come i potiamo
              <lb/>
            fare, Et per dichiar atione di queſta materia ognuno ſi deue imaginare, che quando il Sole è nel principio del Montone, ò della Bilàcia, egli ſi he
              <lb/>
            ua al uero punto di Leuãte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19747" xml:space="preserve">ſi corca al uero punto di Ponente; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19748" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19749" xml:space="preserve">in quel mezzo, ch’egli ua da L euãté à Pon ente, egli s’innalza apoco apo-
              <lb/>
            co fino al mezzo dì, et dal mazzo dì uerſo Ponente ſi abbaſſa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19750" xml:space="preserve">ſe egli laſciaſſe in quel dì nel Cielo un’ orma uiſibile di tuto il corſo ſuo, egli ſi
              <lb/>
            uederebbe un mezzo cerchio, ilquale not imaginamo, et chiamamo Equinottiale, queſto mezzo cerchio è di ſopra l’rizonte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19751" xml:space="preserve">l’altra metà dì
              <lb/>
            ſotto, et ſecõdo diuer ſi orizonti nel punto del mezzo dì ad altri è piu baſſo, ad altri è piu alto il Sole: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19752" xml:space="preserve">imperoche à quelli, de iquali il punto, che
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0240-07" xlink:href="note-0240-07a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            gli ſopraſtà detto Zenith è piu uicino all’equinottiale, ſe gli inalza piu il Sole ſul mezzo dì, che à iqualli il punto, che gli ſopra a sta è piu
              <lb/>
            uicino à i poli, Stãdo adunque il Sole nel mezzo dì al tempo de gli equinottij, ad altri è piu alto, ad altrt è piu baſſo, et quanto è piu alto l’om-
              <lb/>
            bra delle coſe eleuate ſopra la terra ſi fa minore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19753" xml:space="preserve">quanto è piu baſſo, ſi ſa maggiore, ma quando è giuſto è nel mezzo tra l’orizonte, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19754" xml:space="preserve">il pun
              <lb/>
            to, che ci ſta ſopra la testa, le ombre ſono pari alle coſe:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19755" xml:space="preserve">Egli adunque è neceſſario, che l’ombre meridiane nel tẽpo dello equmottio in diuer ſi luo
              <lb/>
            ghi habbiano diuer ſa proportione con i corpi, che le fanno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19756" xml:space="preserve">per intelligenze di questo ſi douemo ricordare queilo, che per la paſſata figura
              <lb/>
            s’è dimostrato, che quanto piu uno ſi parte dalla linea equinottiale, tanto piu ſegli leua il polo, è tanto piu ſe gli abbaſſa la luiea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s19757" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
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