Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div687" type="section" level="1" n="120">
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20568" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="241" file="0251" n="260" rhead="NONO."/>
            ti porta la uista ſul muro fa punto. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20569" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20570" xml:space="preserve">ua poi al ſoro della hora prima ſopra l’altro tropico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20571" xml:space="preserve">guarda dou@ @@ uiſta ti porta, come di ſopra,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20572" xml:space="preserve">fa nota ſul muro, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20573" xml:space="preserve">lega quelli due punti con una linea, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20574" xml:space="preserve">coſi hauer ai lhora prima dopo mezzo dì per tutto l’anno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20575" xml:space="preserve">il ſimile ſarai di tut-
              <lb/>
            te l’altre hore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20576" xml:space="preserve">de i parallelli de i ſegni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20577" xml:space="preserve">quelli fori, che non riſponderanno al muro ti daranno ad intender, che quelle hore, che ſono ſopra
              <lb/>
            que fori, non ſi poſſono ſegnare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20578" xml:space="preserve">che nel Sole, ne l’ombra gli puo peruenire, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20579" xml:space="preserve">coſi hauerai ſormato, et diſſegnato l’horologio ſopra il muro,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20580" xml:space="preserve">il ſimile puoi fare ſopra qualunque piano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20581" xml:space="preserve">di tutte le ſorti di hore, che ſeranno ſegnate ſopra la mezza palla. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20582" xml:space="preserve">Ma lo stile deue eſſer
              <lb/>
            tanto grande, quanto è la distanza dal muro alla punta dello ſtile, che è nella mezza palla. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20583" xml:space="preserve">A queſti ſtrumenti ſi da una ſola eleuatione di po
              <lb/>
            lo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20584" xml:space="preserve">ſono fatti à poſta per un paeſe. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20585" xml:space="preserve">Ma noi ne hauemo fatto uno uniuerſale, che ſeruirebbe per far horologi fin ſotto il polo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20586" xml:space="preserve">l’uſo di eſſo è
              <lb/>
            mirabile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20587" xml:space="preserve">dimostra tutti gli effetti dell’ombre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20588" xml:space="preserve">de i circoli horari, ſerue per ogni orizonte, dimostra tutte le ſorti delle hore, eguali, inegua
              <lb/>
            li, dal mezzo dì, dalla mezza notte, dalla ſera, dalla mattina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20589" xml:space="preserve">da qualunque termine, che ſi uoleſſe cominciar à numerar le hore, perche ha
              <lb/>
            i tropici mobili forati, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20590" xml:space="preserve">teſſuti di liuno con l’altro, che distinguono tutte le ſorti delle hore, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20591" xml:space="preserve">ſi moue ad ogni eleuatione dimoſtrando
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-01" xlink:href="note-0251-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            il creſcere, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20592" xml:space="preserve">calar de igiorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20593" xml:space="preserve">ha de i circoli della Sphera, l’horizonte, il meridiano, i paralelli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20594" xml:space="preserve">parte de gli horarij. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20595" xml:space="preserve">Ma noi deſcri-
              <lb/>
            ueremo gli horologgi, che dimoſtrano le hore dall’occaſo del Sole che è il modo Italiano. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20596" xml:space="preserve">Alche fare è da auuertire à quello, che hauemo detto
              <lb/>
            di ſopra, che nõ ſolanente il Sole ſi alza à poco à fin’al mezzo dì, et uaria la longhezza delle ombre di punto in pũto, et dopo il mezzo
              <lb/>
            dì s’abbaſſa fin al trammontare con la isteſſa uarietà, ma anchora egli ſi gira à torno, e getta l’ombre hora in un luogo, hora in un’altro: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20597" xml:space="preserve">però
              <lb/>
            per formare queſti horologi è neceſſario, che ſi ſappia quanto il Sole s’innalza d’hora in hora ſopra il tuo orizonte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20598" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20599" xml:space="preserve">di queſto ſi fanno le
              <lb/>
            tauole con le calculationi, ò con lo Astrolabio. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20600" xml:space="preserve">dalla eleuatione del Sole ſi ſa la proportione dell’ ombra con il Gnomone, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20601" xml:space="preserve">à queſto ci ſerue la
              <lb/>
            tauola ſotto posta. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20602" xml:space="preserve">Eneceſſario ancho ſapere quanto giro faccia il Sole d’hora in hora, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20603" xml:space="preserve">questi giri ſi chiamano archi orizontali, che ſo-
              <lb/>
            no archi de circoli maggiori, che noi imaginamo paſſar ſopra il punto del noſtro capo, per lo centro del Sole fin all’orizonte. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20604" xml:space="preserve">Ecco l’eſſempio
              <lb/>
            il Sole poniam caſo ſi leua giuſto à Leuante, alzaſi un’hora, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20605" xml:space="preserve">in quell’hora camina uerſo il mezzo dì, imaginamo nel cielo un punto, che ci
              <lb/>
            stia ſopra la teſta dalquale ſia tirata una linea circolare al Sole, che di gia un’hora ha girato, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20606" xml:space="preserve">quella linea cada ſopra l’orizonte, certo è
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-02" xlink:href="note-0251-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            che il punto doue quella linea tocca l’orizonte, è lontano dal punto doue nacque il Sole per tanto ſpacio, quello ſpacio adunque, che è da un pun
              <lb/>
            to all’ altro ſi chiama arco orizontale. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20607" xml:space="preserve">Camina ſimilmente alzandoſi il Sole un’ altra hora, ſimilmente imaginamo, che dal punto, che ciſta ſo-
              <lb/>
            pra ſi parta una linea circolare, che paßiper lo centro del Sole, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20608" xml:space="preserve">cada ſu l’orlo, ò labro dell’orizonte, quel punto è diſtante dal punto del
              <lb/>
            uero Leuante piu, che il punto della prima hora. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20609" xml:space="preserve">quello ſpacio adunque ſi chiama arco orizontale, il ſimile ſi fa, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20610" xml:space="preserve">s’intende di tutte le hore.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20611" xml:space="preserve">Altri pigliano queſti archi dal meridiano, ma è tutto uno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20612" xml:space="preserve">Queſto ſi puo dare ad intendere à marinari per li uenti, Ecco à mezzo Marzo
              <lb/>
            il Sole ſi leua à Leuante, alle 12. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20613" xml:space="preserve">hore, camina un’hora, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20614" xml:space="preserve">ſi troua alle 13. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20615" xml:space="preserve">uerſo Siroccho, tra Siroccho è Leuante, alle 14. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20616" xml:space="preserve">ſitroua poniam
              <lb/>
            caſo à Siroccho, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20617" xml:space="preserve">coſi di mano in mano, quegli ſpacij adunque, che ſono tra Leuante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20618" xml:space="preserve">i uenti ò mezzanine, ò quarte che ſiano, ſi chiama-
              <lb/>
            no archi orizontali iquali ſi cominciano à numer are da Leuante à mezzo di, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20619" xml:space="preserve">da Ponente à mezzo di, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20620" xml:space="preserve">da Leuante à Trammontana, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20621" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            da Ponente à trammontana partendo ogni quarta in 90. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20622" xml:space="preserve">parti, Egli ſi può fare ancho le tauole dellà latitudine, pigliando quelle diſtan-
              <lb/>
            ze orizontali dal mezzo dì, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20623" xml:space="preserve">uedendo quanto ciaſcuno di quelli circoli d’hora in hora é diſtante dal meridiano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20624" xml:space="preserve">fa lo iſteſſo effetto, che
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-03" xlink:href="note-0251-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            la tauola de gli archi orizontali preſi dal punto del uero Leuante. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20625" xml:space="preserve">Et niuna ſorte di horologi è doue biſogni uſar piu diligenza & </s>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div696" type="section" level="1" n="121">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head121" xml:space="preserve">TAVOLA DELLA ELEVATIONE DEI SO-
            <lb/>
          LE ET DELLA LATITVDINE
            <lb/>
          PER GRADI XLV.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20626" xml:space="preserve">ti-
              <lb/>
            rar piu giuſte le linee, ma non ſolo ſi ſe- </s>
            <lb/>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20627" xml:space="preserve">
              <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0251-04" xlink:href="note-0251-04a" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              Altezza del Sole
                <lb/>
              # in Cancro. ### ## Latitudine.
                <lb/>
              # Hore. # Gradi. # Minuti. # Gradi. # Minuti. # Seconde.
                <lb/>
              9 # 3 # 55 # 119 # 47 # 8
                <lb/>
              10 # 13 # 40 # 109 # 47 # 34
                <lb/>
              11 # 23 # 50 # 100 # 7 # 13
                <lb/>
              12 # 34 # 30 # 90 # 0 # 0
                <lb/>
              13 # 45 # 0 # 78 # 26 # 10
                <lb/>
              14 # 55 # 0 # 63 # 35 # 0
                <lb/>
              15 # 63 # 15 # 42 # 27 # 5
                <lb/>
              16 # 67 # 55 # 10 # 30 # 31
                <lb/>
              ### Il mezzo dì Hore 16 Minuti 17 il Sole
                <lb/>
              ### è alto Gradi 68 Minuti 30.
                <lb/>
              17 # 66 # 50 # 25 # 45 # 25
                <lb/>
              18 # 60 # 5 # 52 # 50 # 0
                <lb/>
              19 # 50 # 45 # 69 # 34 # 21
                <lb/>
              20 # 40 # 25 # 83 # 50 # 10
                <lb/>
              21 # 29 # 45 # 94 # 30 # 0
                <lb/>
              22 # 19 # 25 # 104 # 23 # 0
                <lb/>
              23 # 9 # 20 # 114 # 6 # 20
                <lb/>
              ### L’altezza del Sole in Leone.
                <lb/>
              Hore. # Gradi. # Minuti.
                <lb/>
              10 # 8 # 25 # 110 # 9 # 42
                <lb/>
              11 # 18 # 35 # 100 # 12 # 48
                <lb/>
              12 # 29 # 10 # 90 # 0 # 0
                <lb/>
              ### Il mezzo di Hore 16 Minuti 34 il Sole
                <lb/>
              è alto Gradi 65 Minuti 12.
                <lb/>
              ### L’altezza del Sole nel Montone. # ### L’altezza del Sole in Capricorno.
                <lb/>
              Hore. # Gradi. # Minuti. # Hore. # Gradi. # Minuti.
                <lb/>
              13 23 # 10 # 30 # 16 # 4 # 45
                <lb/>
              14 22 # 20 # 40 # 17 # 12 # 5
                <lb/>
              15 21 # 30 # 0 # 18 # 17 # 30
                <lb/>
              16 20 # 37 # 45 # 19 # 20 # 35
                <lb/>
              17 19 # 43 # 5 # 20 # 21 # 5
                <lb/>
              18 45 # mezzo dì. # 21 # 19 # 10
                <lb/>
              ### Il mezzo di in Capricorno Hore 19 Minuti # 22 # 14 # 35
                <lb/>
              ### 4’ alto Gradi 21 Minuti 30. # 23 # 8
                <lb/>
              </note>
            gnano le hore dall’ occaſo alla Italiana, ma ancho le hore dal naſcimento alla Poema,& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20628" xml:space="preserve">le hore ineguali all’ antica con le iſteſſe ragioni dell’ altezza del Sole, con la lon- ghezza dell’ ombre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20629" xml:space="preserve">con la latitudine, ò con gli archi Orizontali, Ma oltra la ta- uola, io darò un modo eſpedito di trouar la lunghezza delle ombre ſenza molta fa-
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-05" xlink:href="note-0251-05a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            tica, doue ſi uederà ancho la gran uirtu dello analemma poſto da Vitruuio, dal- quale io non ſaprei dire qual maniera di horologio fuſſe, che non ſi poteſſe cauare, però è da eſſer ſempre conſide- rato. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20630" xml:space="preserve">per far adunque gli horologi, biſo- gna hauere le predette conſiderationi, &</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20631" xml:space="preserve"> ſi fanno in queſto modo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20632" xml:space="preserve">Poniamo caſo adunque che tu uogli ſapere quanto ſia l’ombra, quando il Sole è leuato ſopra
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-06" xlink:href="note-0251-06a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            rizonte gradi 40. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20633" xml:space="preserve">uedi nello analemma de- ſcritto di ſopra di porre il punto della ele- uatione del Sole, come facesti perritroua reiraggi de i paralelli de i ſegni, ma biſo- gna drizzare il Gnomone ſopra la linea del piano di quella grandezza, che uuoi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20634" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20635" xml:space="preserve">tirare il ſuo orizonte paralello alla li- nea del piano, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20636" xml:space="preserve">far quell’orizonte dia- metro de un ſemicircolo, come ſi fa nello analemma, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20637" xml:space="preserve">trouar nella quarta
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-07" xlink:href="note-0251-07a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            za de gradi 40. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20638" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20639" xml:space="preserve">da quelli per la punta del Gnomone, che é il centro tirar alla li- nea del piano il raggio è pigliar la diſtan- za dal piede del Gnomone fin al punto, doue il raggio tocca la linea del piano, è tanto ſera l’ombra cauſata dallo ſtile, ma la tauola della eleuatione del Sole nelle hore è queſta poſta inſieme, con la lati- tudine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20640" xml:space="preserve">che ſerue à gradi 45.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20641" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20642" xml:space="preserve">Fornita la tauola che fa al biſogno noſtro, fa
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0251-08" xlink:href="note-0251-08a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            un circolo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20643" xml:space="preserve">ſia quello a b c d. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20644" xml:space="preserve">di con-
              <lb/>
            ueniente grandezza. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20645" xml:space="preserve">queſto partirai in
              <lb/>
            quattro parti eguali con due diametri nu-
              <lb/>
            mera dal punto b di qua & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20646" xml:space="preserve">di la fin’a 120
              <lb/>
            gradi, ne i quali ſia diuiſo una parte del
              <lb/>
            ſemicircolo b c d. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20647" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20648" xml:space="preserve">il ſemicircolo b a d.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s20649" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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