Vitruvius, I Dieci Libri dell' Architettvra di M. Vitrvvio, 1556

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div711" type="section" level="1" n="124">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head124" xml:space="preserve">DELLA ARCHITETTVRA
            <lb/>
          DI M. VITRVVIO.</head>
          <figure number="152">
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div712" type="section" level="1" n="125">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head125" xml:space="preserve">PROEMIO.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21188" xml:space="preserve">DICESI che in Efeſo nobile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21189" xml:space="preserve">ampia città di Greci è ſtata da i loro maggiori con du-
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            ra conditione, ma con ragione non iniqua un’antica legge ordinata: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21190" xml:space="preserve">percioche l’ Ar-
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            chitetto quando piglia à fare un’opera publica, promette prima quanta ſpeſa ui ha
              <lb/>
            d’ãdare, fatta la ſtima al magiſtrato ſi obbligano i ſuoi beni, fin che l’opera ſia ſinita, la-
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            quale fornita, quando la ſpeſa riſponde a punto à quanto s’è detto, con decreti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21191" xml:space="preserve">ho-
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            nori l’ Architetto uiene ornato; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21192" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21193" xml:space="preserve">ſimilmente ſe non piu del quarto ſi ſpende, quello
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            aggiugner ſi deue alla ſtima, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21194" xml:space="preserve">ſi riſtora del publico, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21195" xml:space="preserve">egli à niuna pena, ètenuto, ma
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-01" xlink:href="note-0263-01a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            quando piu della quarta parte ſi ſpende, egli ſi piglia il dinaro de i ſuoi beni al forni-
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            mento dell’opera. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21196" xml:space="preserve">Dio uoleſle, che i dei immortali fatto haueſſero, che non ſolamente
              <lb/>
            alle publiche, ma alle priuate fabriche quella legge fuſſe ſtata al popolo Romano ordi-
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            nata, perche non ſenza caſtigo gli ignoranti ci aſſasſinerebbeno, ma ſolamente quegli,
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            che con ſottigliezza delle dottrine prudenti ſono, ſenza dubbio farebbono profesſione d’Architettura, ne i padri di
              <lb/>
            famiglia indotti ſarebbono à gettar infinite ſpeſe, perche poi da i loro beni ſcacciati foſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21197" xml:space="preserve">gli Architetti cõſtret
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            ti dal timor della pena piu diligentemente il conto della ſpeſa faceſſero, accioche i padri di famiglia, à quello, che pro-
              <lb/>
            uiſto haueſſero, ò poco piu aggiugnendo drizzaſſero la forma delle fabriche loro: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21198" xml:space="preserve">percioche colui che può prouedere
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            di quattrocento, ſe accreſcierà cento piu, hauendo ſperanza di condur l’opera, à compimento, con diletto, è piacere è
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            trattenuto: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21199" xml:space="preserve">ma chi aggrauato dalla metà della ſpeſa ò di piu, perduta la ſperanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21200" xml:space="preserve">gettata la ſperanza, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21201" xml:space="preserve">gettata la ſpeſa rotto il tutto cõ
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-02" xlink:href="note-0263-02a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            animo diſperato, è conſtretto à laſciar ogni coſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21202" xml:space="preserve">Ne pur queſto difetto è ne gli edifici, ma ancho ne i doni, che dal ma
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            giſtrato ſi danno al foro de i gladiatori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21203" xml:space="preserve">alle ſcene de giuochi, à iquali ne dimora, ne induggio ſi cõciede, ma la neceſ-
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            ſità con prefiſſo tempo di fornirgli conſtrigne, come ſono le ſede de gli ſpettacoli, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21204" xml:space="preserve">il porui delle tẽde, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21205" xml:space="preserve">tutte quel-
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            le coſe, che all’uſanze della ſcena, al ueder del popolo con fattura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21206" xml:space="preserve">apparato ſi fanno. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21207" xml:space="preserve">In queſte coſe ueramente bi-
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            ſogna hauer del buono, è penſarui ben ſopra, perche niuna di queſte coſe ſi può fare ſenza induſtria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21208" xml:space="preserve">manifattura,
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            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21209" xml:space="preserve">ſenza uaria, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21210" xml:space="preserve">riſuegliata uiuacità de ſtudi: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21211" xml:space="preserve">perche adunque tai coſe ordinate ſono à queſto modo non pare, che
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            ſia fuori di propoſito, prima che ſi dia principio alle opere, che cautamente, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21212" xml:space="preserve">con diligẽza ſi eſpediſchino le ragion
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            loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21213" xml:space="preserve">Quando adunque ne la legge, ne la conſuetudine ci può forzare à queſto, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21214" xml:space="preserve">ogni Anno i Pretori è gli Edili
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            per li giuochi apparecchiar deono le machine, ho giudicato non alieno, poi che nei libri paſſati s’è detto de gli edifi
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            ci, in queſto, che ha la ſomma terminatione del corpo dell’Architettura, eſponer con precetti, quali ſiano i principi
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-03" xlink:href="note-0263-03a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            ordinati delle machine à queſto conuenienti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21215" xml:space="preserve"/>
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          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21216" xml:space="preserve">HOra condotti ſiamo all’ultimo lauoro, come dice Dante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21217" xml:space="preserve">cireſta la terza parte principale dell’ Architettura poſta nella
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            cognitione, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21218" xml:space="preserve">nella diſpoſitione delle machine, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21219" xml:space="preserve">de gli strumenti, bella utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21220" xml:space="preserve">merauiglioſa pratica, imperoche chi é
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            quello, che non guardi con ſtupore un huomo ſopra le forze ſue aiutato da un picciolo ſtrumento leuare con grandißima
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            ageuolezza un peſo ſmiſurato? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21221" xml:space="preserve">con debil fune artificioſamente riuolta ſolleuare un ſaſſo appari d’un monte ponderoſo?
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            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21222" xml:space="preserve">chi non legge con merauiglia le coſe fatte da Archimede? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21223" xml:space="preserve">chi non pauenta all’horribile inuentione dell’ Artiglierie, lequa-
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            li & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21224" xml:space="preserve">col ſuono, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21225" xml:space="preserve">con l’empito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21226" xml:space="preserve">con gli effetti imitando i tuoni, i baleni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21227" xml:space="preserve">i fulmiini, con infrernal tormento ſono
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            la ſtrage del genere humano? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21228" xml:space="preserve">ma laſciamo i terrori da parte, quanta utilità di gratia, quanto piacere ci presta la inuentione delle ruote, il
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            modo di alzar l’acque, gli ſtrumenti da fiato, le coſe che da ſe ſi mouono? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21229" xml:space="preserve">et quello che fa la natura, perche niente ſia di uoto? </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21230" xml:space="preserve">Non è dunque che
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-04" xlink:href="note-0263-04a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            noi merauiglia prendiamo, ſe questa è una parte delle principali dell’ Architettura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21231" xml:space="preserve">Di queſta adunque tratta Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21232" xml:space="preserve">nel decimo, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21233" xml:space="preserve">ultimo li-
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            bro ſecondo la promeſſa fattaci per inanzi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21234" xml:space="preserve">Di questa ancho ne ragioneremo noi quanto al preſente negotio ſtimeremo biſognare: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21235" xml:space="preserve">Auuertendo
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            prima (ſecondo che ne gli altri libri fatto hauemo) à gliutili precetti dati da Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21236" xml:space="preserve">nel proemio di questo libro, nel quale, dio uoleſſe, che ſi come
              <lb/>
            ſi troua un mirabile prouedimento, coſi egli foſſe oſſeruato ſempre, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21237" xml:space="preserve">ſi oſſeruaſſe tuttauia, perche eſſendo stata una legge in Efeſo, che gli Ar-
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            chitetti laude, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21238" xml:space="preserve">honore meritaſſero, quando la ſpeſa delle fabriche non fuſſe maggiore, di quello, che predetto haueſſero, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21239" xml:space="preserve">di danno, è biaſimo
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            fuſſero debitori, quando oltra la quarta parte eccedeſſe il primo computo, ſapendo gli huomini, che fabricar uoleſſero di che morte haueſſero à
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            morire, ò non ſi laſciarebbero imbarcare, eſſendo la ſpeſa maggiore delle forze loro, ò à tẽpo prouederebbono al biſogno, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21240" xml:space="preserve">non ſi farebbe quel-
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            lo, che à dinostri molti fanno, che per una certa uanità (credo io) con priuate forze cominciano caſe regali, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21241" xml:space="preserve">ſe ne reſtano ſul bello, hauendo
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            però fornito, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21242" xml:space="preserve">adornato con quella ſpeſa che ſi puo maggiore le parti fatte con iſtucchi, oro, pitture, é guarnimenti tali, che ſe il tutto à que
              <lb/>
            principi riſpondeſſe, non basterebbe un regno à dargli compimento di modo, che quello, che è fatto, ſi getta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21243" xml:space="preserve">quello, che ſi deue fare, s’aban
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-05" xlink:href="note-0263-05a" xml:space="preserve">60</note>
            dona. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21244" xml:space="preserve">Ma laſciamo quelli parere, ò eſſer quello, che parer, ò eſſer uogliono, confidandoſi noi ne i precetti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21245" xml:space="preserve">ne i pareri de i buoni crediamo (co-
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            me altre fiate s’è detto) che i meglio ſpeſi danari ſono que primi, che ſi danno à un buon’ Architetto, perche da quella prima ſpeſa ogni coſa
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            prende un buono inuiamento, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21246" xml:space="preserve">douendoſi ſpendere de molte migliaia di ſcudi, eſſer non ſi deue parco, a chi ben conſiglia, per aßicurarſi quan
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            to piu ſi può, per l’utile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21247" xml:space="preserve">per l’honore. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21248" xml:space="preserve">Quella legge adunque, che dice Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21249" xml:space="preserve">eſſer ſtata in Eſeſo con dura conditione, ma con giuſta ragione
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            ordinata, staria bene à noſtri giorni, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21250" xml:space="preserve">in quelle coſe ancho, doue è piu ſubitaoccaſione di ſpendere, piu pericolo di deliberare, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21251" xml:space="preserve">men commo-
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            dità di uederne il conto, come è ne gli apparati delle feste, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21252" xml:space="preserve">de i giuochi publici, nelle ſcene, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21253" xml:space="preserve">ne i concieri, che ſi fanno à tempo, ne i quali Ro
              <lb/>
            mani del publico ſpendeuano gran quantità didinari, doue è neceſſario hauere fedeli, et ingenioſi ministri, ſuegliati inucentori, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21254" xml:space="preserve">eſſercitati Ar
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            chitetti delle coſe, che trouino la facilità, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21255" xml:space="preserve">non uadino per la lunga. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21256" xml:space="preserve">Hora per fuggire queſta ignoranzà, ò uanità, è neceſſario ſapere come ua
              <lb/>
            tutta la materia preſente, doue dopo il proemio ſi ragiona delle machine, et de gli inſtrumenti, ſi di quelli, che hanno riguardo à gli ſtudi della pa
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            ce, de iquali alcuni ſono per cõmodo, alcuni per diletto, come di quelli, che hãno riſpetto alle coſe della guerra, la doue nel primo capo Vitr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21257" xml:space="preserve">diffi-
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0263-06" xlink:href="note-0263-06a" xml:space="preserve">70</note>
            niſce che coſa è machina, quale differenza è tra machina, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s21258" xml:space="preserve">inſtrumento, diſtingue le ſorti delle machiue, e tratta dell’origine di quelle, et dal ſe-
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            condo fin al nono parla delle machine da leuar, e tirar i peſi, et ci eſplica la ragione de diuerſi modi apartenenti à peſi dal nono ſin al terzodeci-
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            mo ci da gli ammaeſtramenti di far molte ruote, et artifici di alzar, e uotar l’acque, di macinare, et di far’altre ſimiglianti coſe utili, dallequali
              <lb/>
            partendoſi dal terzodecimo fin al quintodecimo ci dimoſtra la ragione di far le machine hidraulice, che ſono organi con ragione muſicali com-
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            poſti, che piaceuolmente per uia d’acqua, et diſpirito mandano fuori dolci concenti, et ci dichiara poi il modo di miſurare il uiaggio fatto ò in
              <lb/>
            caretta, ò in naue, et poſto fine à queſti ragionamenti paſſa à quelle machine, che ci ſeruono à biſogni della guerra, et à i ſoprastanti </s>
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