Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18638" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="268" file="0274" n="274" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            axium eſt unum punctum, quod eſt in medio concauitatis communis nerui, à quo exit communis
              <lb/>
            axis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18639" xml:space="preserve"> Exiſtentibus ergo duobus uiſibus in ſua naturali poſitione, ſemper axes erũt in eadem ſuper-
              <lb/>
            ficie, ſiue ſint moti, ſiue quieſcentes.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18640" xml:space="preserve"> Si autem poſitio alterius uiſuũ mutata fuerit, reſpectu reliqui
              <lb/>
            propter aliquod impedimentum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18641" xml:space="preserve"> tunc res uiſa uidebitur duplex, ut in primo libro declarauimus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18642" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Duo ergo axes in maiore parte ſunt in eadem ſuperficie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18643" xml:space="preserve"> Quare omnes duo radij habentes poſitio-
              <lb/>
            nem ſimilem ex duo bus axibus, erunt in eadem ſuperficie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18644" xml:space="preserve"> Duæ ergo lineę, per quas extenduntur
              <lb/>
            formę unius puncti ad duo loca cõſimilis poſitionis, ſuntin eadem ſuperficie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18645" xml:space="preserve"> Sed imagines illius,
              <lb/>
            reſpectu duorum uiſuũ, ſunt in illis duabus lineis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18646" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo ſunt in eadem ſuperficie.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18647" xml:space="preserve"> Sed imagines illi-
              <lb/>
            us puncti ſunt in perpendiculari exeunte ex illo puncto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18648" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo ſunt in loco ſectionis inter ſuperfi-
              <lb/>
            ciem, in qua ſunt lineę radiales, quę eſt una ſuperficies, & inter perpendicularem, quę eſt una linea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18649" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Sectio autem unius ſuperficiei cum una linea eſt unum punctum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18650" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo imagines unius puncti, re-
              <lb/>
            ſpectu duorum uiſuum, quando perueniunt ad duo loca conſimilis poſitionis, ſunt punctum unũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18651" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Ex quo patet, quòd imago totius rei uiſæ, reſpectu duorum uiſuũ, erit una:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18652" xml:space="preserve"> ſi poſitio imaginis fuerit
              <lb/>
            conſimilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18653" xml:space="preserve"> Quare res comprehenditur una utroq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18654" xml:space="preserve"> uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18655" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò poſitio fuerit parum diuerſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18656" xml:space="preserve"> uide-
              <lb/>
            bitur res una:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18657" xml:space="preserve"> ſed non uerè, ſed cauilloſè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18658" xml:space="preserve"> Si autem diuerſitas poſitionis fuerit multa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18659" xml:space="preserve"> tunc forma rei
              <lb/>
            uidebuntur duæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18660" xml:space="preserve"> ſed hoc fit rariſsimè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18661" xml:space="preserve"> Hæc eſt ergo qualitas comprehenſionis uiſus de uiſibilibus
              <lb/>
            ſecundum refractionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18662" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div605" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head521" xml:space="preserve" style="it">37. Viſio diſtincta fit rectis lineis à uiſibili ad uiſum perpendicularib{us}. Et uiſio omnis fit re-
            <lb/>
          fractè. 17. 18 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18663" xml:space="preserve">HOc autem declarato:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18664" xml:space="preserve"> dicamus uniuerſaliter, quòd omnia, quæ comprehendũtur à uiſu, com
              <lb/>
            prehenduntur refractè, ſiue uiſus & uiſum fuerint in eodem diaphano, ſiue in diuerſis, ſiue
              <lb/>
            uiſum ſit in oppoſitione uiſus, ſiue comprehendatur ab ipſo reflexè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18665" xml:space="preserve"> Nihil enim comprehen
              <lb/>
            ditur ſine refractione facta apud ſuperficiem uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18666" xml:space="preserve"> Nam tunicæ uiſus, quæ ſunt cornea, albuginea,
              <lb/>
            glacialis, ſunt etiam diaphanæ & ſpiſsiores aere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18667" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam declaratum eſt, quòd formæ eorũ, quæ ſunt
              <lb/>
            in aere & in alijs corporibus diaphanis, extenduntur in illis corporibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18668" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi occurrerint corpori-
              <lb/>
            bus diuerſæ diaphanitatis ab eo, in quo ſunt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18669" xml:space="preserve"> refringuntur in illo corpore diaphano:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18670" xml:space="preserve"> forma ergo e-
              <lb/>
            ius, quæ eſt in aere, ſemper extenditur in aere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18671" xml:space="preserve"> Cum ergo aer tangit ſuperficiem alicuius uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18672" xml:space="preserve"> tunc
              <lb/>
            illa forma, quæ eſt in aere, refringitur in ſuperficie uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18673" xml:space="preserve"> & tunc refringitur omni modo in corpore
              <lb/>
            corneæ & albugineæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18674" xml:space="preserve"> Refractio enim propriè eſt de numero formarum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18675" xml:space="preserve"> recipere autem formas &
              <lb/>
            refractiones eſt proprium corporibus diaphanis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18676" xml:space="preserve"> Form æ ergo eorum, quæ opponuntur uiſui, ſem-
              <lb/>
            per refring untur in tunicis uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18677" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam patuit, quòd cum formę extenduntur ſuper lineas perpen
              <lb/>
            diculares ſuper ſecundum corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18678" xml:space="preserve"> pertranſeunt rectè in ſecundo corpore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18679" xml:space="preserve"> Formę ergo eorum, quę
              <lb/>
            opponuntur ſuperficiei uiſus, refringuntur omnes in tunicis uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18680" xml:space="preserve"> & quæ fuerint ex eis in extremi
              <lb/>
            tatibus linearum radialium, perpendicularium ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus, pertranſeunt rectè, cum re
              <lb/>
            fractione formarum earum in tunicis uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18681" xml:space="preserve"> Parti enim ſuperficiei uiſus, quæ opponitur foramini
              <lb/>
            uueæ, multa opponuntur uiſibilia, quorum alia ſunt apud extremitates linearum radialium, & a-
              <lb/>
            lia extra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18682" xml:space="preserve"> Omnes enim lineæ radiales, quę ſunt perpendi culares ſuper ſuperficies tunicarum uiſus,
              <lb/>
            continentur in pyramide, cuius caput eſt centrum uiſus, & cuius baſis eſt circumferentia uueæ fo-
              <lb/>
            raminis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18683" xml:space="preserve"> Et quantò magis extenditur hæc pyramis, & remouetur à uiſu, tantò magis amplificatur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18684" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & omnes formæ eorum, quæ ſunt intra pyramidem, extenduntur in rectitudine linearum radialiũ,
              <lb/>
            & pertranſeunt in tunicis uiſus rectè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18685" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæc pyramis dicitur pyramis radialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18686" xml:space="preserve"> Lineæ autem, quæ
              <lb/>
            extenduntur in hac pyramide, quarum extremitates ſunt apud centrum uiſus, dicuntur lineæ ra-
              <lb/>
            diales.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18687" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ uerò eorum, quæ ſunt extra hanc pyramidem, nunquam extenduntur per aliquam
              <lb/>
            linearum radialium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18688" xml:space="preserve"> tamen extenduntur per lineas rectas, quæ ſuntinter ipſam ſuperficiem uiſus,
              <lb/>
            quæ opponuntur foramini uueæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18689" xml:space="preserve"> & formæ, quæ extenduntur per has lineas, refringuntur à diapha
              <lb/>
            nitate tunicarum uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18690" xml:space="preserve"> Et forma cuiuslibet puncti eorum, quæ ſunt intra pyramidẽ radialẽ, exten-
              <lb/>
            ditur ad ſuperficiem uiſus, quæ opponitur foramini uueæ in pyramide, cuius caput eſt illud pun-
              <lb/>
            ctum, & cuius baſis eſt ſuperficies, quæ opponitur foramini uueæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18691" xml:space="preserve"> & una linea earum, quæ imagi-
              <lb/>
            natur in hac pyramide, eſt linea radialis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18692" xml:space="preserve"> c æteræ autem omnes, quę non ſunt in hac pyramide, non
              <lb/>
            ſunt radiales:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18693" xml:space="preserve"> & nulla earum eſt perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficies tunicarũ uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18694" xml:space="preserve"> Et forma cuiusli-
              <lb/>
            bet puncti eorum, quæ ſunt intra pyramidem radialem, extenditur ſuper lineam omnem, quę po-
              <lb/>
            teſt cadere in illam pyramidem, cuius caput eſt illud punctum, & cuius baſis eſt ſuperficies rei uiſę,
              <lb/>
            quę opponitur foramini uueę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18695" xml:space="preserve"> & per unam iſtarum linearum tranſit forma, quę extenditur per illã
              <lb/>
            in tunicis uiſus ſecundum rectitudinem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18696" xml:space="preserve"> & omnes formę alię extenſę in reſiduo pyramidis, refrin-
              <lb/>
            guntur in tunicis uiſus, & non pertranſeunt rectè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18697" xml:space="preserve"> Omnia ergo, quę opponuntur parti ſuperficiei
              <lb/>
            uiſus, quę opponitur foramini uueę, ex illis quę ſunt in aere, aut in cœlo, aut in aqua, aut in conſimi
              <lb/>
            libus, & ex illis, quę reflectuntur à terſis corporibus, quæ perueniunt ad hanc partem ſuperficiei ui
              <lb/>
            ſus, refringuntur in tunicis uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18698" xml:space="preserve"> Et formę eorum, quę ſunt intra pyramidem, pertranſeunt rectè in
              <lb/>
            tunicis uiſus, cum refractione form arum earũ, quę extenduntur ſuper pyramidem, quę remanent
              <lb/>
            in uniuerſo huius partis ſuperficiei uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18699" xml:space="preserve"> Reſtat ergo declarare, quòd formę, quę refringuntur in
              <lb/>
            tunicis uiſus, comprehenduntur à uiſu, & ſentiuntur à uirtute ſenſibili.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18700" xml:space="preserve"> In primo autem tractatu
              <lb/>
            [15.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18701" xml:space="preserve"> 18.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18702" xml:space="preserve"> 19 25 n] declarauimus, quòd ſi membrum ſenſibile ſentiret ex quolibet puncto ſuę ſuper-
              <lb/>
            ficiei omnem formam ad ſe uenientem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18703" xml:space="preserve"> tunc ſentiret rerum formas mixtas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18704" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde membrũ ſenſibi-
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
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