Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

Table of contents

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[251.] 51. Ab uno cui{us}libet ſpeculi puncto, unum uiſibilis punctum ad unum uiſum reflectitur. 29. 30. 31 p 5. Item 37 p 5: item in præfat. 1. 5. & 10 librorum.
[252.] ALHAZEN FILII ALHAYZEN OPTICAE LIBER QVINTVS.
[253.] PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. I. 1. Imago eſt form a uiſibilis, à polit a ſuperficie reflexa. In def. 5 libri.
[254.] DE LOCIS IMAGINVM. CAP. II. 2. In ſpeculo plano imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ reflexio-nis. 37 p 5.
[255.] 3. In ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & li-neæ reflexionis. 11 p 6.
[256.] 4. In ſpeculis conuexis cylindraceo, conico, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis inci-dentiæ & lineæ reflexionis. 37 p 5.
[257.] 5. Rectarum linearum ab eodem uiſibilis puncto in ſpecula planum uel conuexum caden-tium: minima eſt perpendicularis. 21 p 1.
[258.] 6. In ſpeculo ſpbærico cauo, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ refle xionis. 37 p 5.
[259.] 7. In ſpeculis cauis cylindraceo, conico, imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis inciden-tiæ & lineæ reflexionis. 37 p 5.
[260.] 8. Imago in quocun ſpeculo, uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ refle-scionis. 37 p 5.
[261.] 9. Imago in ſpeculo plano uidetur in perpendiculari incidentiæ. 36 p 5.
[262.] 10. Imago in ſpeculis conuexis, cauis: ſphærico, cylindraceo, conico uidetur in perpendiculari incidentiæ. 36 p 5.
[263.] 11. Viſibile & imago à ſpeculi plani ſuperficie in oppoſit {as} partes æquabiliter distant. 49 p 5.
[264.] 12. Viſu & uiſibili datis, in ſpeculo plano punctum reflexionis inuenire. 46 p 5.
[265.] 13. Si recta linea ab uno uiſu ſit perpendicularis ſpeculo plano, unum ipſi{us} punctũ; in quo uiſ{us} ſuperficiem ſecat, ab uno ſpeculi puncto, in quod cadit, ad eundem uiſum reflectetur. 32 p 5.
[266.] 14. Ab uno ſpeculi plani puncto, unum uiſibilis punctũ ad unũ uiſum reflectitur. 45 p 5.
[267.] 15. In ſpeculo plano, imagouni{us} puncti, una, & uno eodem́ in loco ab utroque uiſu uide-tur. 51 p 5.
[268.] 16. In ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo linea reflexionis & perpendicularis incidentiæ concurrunt: & imago uidetur in ipſarum concurſu. 9. 11 p 6. Idem 3 n.
[269.] 17. Finis contingentiæ in ſpeculo ſphærico, eſt concurſ{us} rectæ ſpeculum in reflexionis puncto tangentis, cum perpendiculari incidentiæ uel reflexionis. Et rect a à centro ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi ad imaginem, maior est recta ab imagine ad reflexionis punctum ducta. In def. 13 p 6.
[270.] 18. Si in ſpeculo ſphærico conuexo perpendicularis incidentiæ ſecetur à lineis reflexionis: & ſpeculum in reflexionis puncto tan-gente: erit, ut tota perpendicularis ad inferum ſegmentum: ſic ſu-perum ad intermedium. Et pars perpendicularis inter punctum contingentiæ, & peripheriam, communem ſectionem ſuperficie-rum reflexionis, & ſpeculi, erit minor eiuſdem peripheriæ ſemidia metro. 12. 14 p 6.
[271.] 19. Sirecta linea ab uno uiſu ſit perpendicularis ſpeculo ſphæ-rico conuexo: unum ipſi{us} punctum, in quo uiſ{us} ſuperficiem ſe-cat, ab uno ſpeculi puncto, in quod cadit, ad eundem uiſum refle-ctetur. 10 p 6.
[272.] 20. Sipars lineæ reflexionis, intra peripheriam circuli (qui eſt communis ſectio ſuperficie-rum reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) continuatæ, æquetur ſemidiametro eiuſdem peri-pheriæ: imago intra ſpeculum uidebitur. 24 p 6.
[273.] 21. Si reflexio fiat à peripheria circuli (qui eſt communis ſectio ſuperficierum, reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) inter rectam à uiſu ad ſpeculi centrum ductam, & lineam reflexionis, æquantem partem ſuam intra peripheriam, eiuſdem ſemidiametro: imago intra ſpeculum ui-debitur. 25 p 6.
[274.] 22. Si reflexio fiat à peripheria circuli (qui eſt communis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) inter rectam à uiſu ſpeculum tangentem, reflexionis puncto proxi-mam, & lineam reflexionis æquãtem partem ſuam intra peripheriam eiuſdem ſemidiametro: imago aliàs intra ſpeculum: aliàs in ſuperficie: aliàs extra uidebitur. 26 p 6. Item 27. 7 p 6.
[275.] 23. Si linea reflexionis ſecans diametrum ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi: æquet ſegmentum ſuum inter ſpeculi ſuperficiem & dictam diametrum, ſegmento eiuſdem diametri contermino centro ſpeculi: erit hoc ſegmentum imaginum expers. 28 p 6.
[276.] 24. Si in diametro ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi extra uiſ{us} centrum ducta, in́ apparentem ſuperficiem continuata, imaginum meta notetur: Imagines dictæ diametri uidebuntur inter metam & ſpeculi ſuperficiem. 29 p 6.
[277.] 25. Si linea reflexionis ſecans ſpeculum ſphæricum conuexum, æquet ſegmentum intra ipſi-{us} ſuperficiem, eiuſdem ſemidiametro: & ſemidiameter per terminum lineæ reflexionis con-currat cum rect a à uiſu ſpeculum tangente: Imagines concurrentis ſemidiametri, inter concur ſum & ſpeculι ſuperficiem uidebuntur. 30 p 6.
[278.] 26. Si linea reflexionis æquans ſua parte inſcripta ſemidiametrum circuli (qui est communis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) terminetur in peripheria non appa rente: perpẽdicularis incidẽtiæ, ſecãs peripheriã inter lineã reflexionis, & rectã à uiſu ſpeculũ tangentẽ: habebit quaſdam imagines intra, quaſdam extra ſpeculũ: unam in ſuperficie. 31 p 6.
[279.] 27. Si linea reflexionis, æquans ſua parte in ſcripta ſemidiametrum circuli (qui eſt commu-nis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) terminetur in peripheria nõ ap-parente: perpendicularis incidentiæ ſecans peripheriam inter terminos lineæ reflexionis & quadr antis peripheriæ, à puncto tact{us}, rectæ à uiſu ſpeculum tangentis, inchoati, habebit i-magines extra ſpeculum. 32 p 6.
[280.] 28. Perpendicularis incidentiæ ſecans occult ãperipheriam cir culι (quieſt communis ſectio ſuperficierum reflexionis & ſpeculi ſphærici conuexi) inter terminos rectæ per centra uiſ{us} ac ſpeculi ductæ, & quadrantis peripheriæ, à puncto tact{us} rectæ à uiſu ſpe-culum tangentis, inchoati: imaginem nullam habet. 33 p 6.
< >
page |< < (43) of 778 > >|
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22844" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="43" file="0345" n="345" rhead="LIBER PRIMVS."/>
            autem omnibus punctis ſectionis perpendiculares ſuper ſectionẽ productæ obliquè incidunt axi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22845" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quoniam ſi aliqua ipſarum ipſi axi perpẽdiculariter inciderit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22846" xml:space="preserve"> tunc per 4 p 11 axis ſuper ſuperficiem
              <lb/>
            ſectionis perpendicularis erit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22847" xml:space="preserve"> quod eſt contra naturam ſectionis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22848" xml:space="preserve"> Patet ergo propoſitum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22849" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div837" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head687" xml:space="preserve" style="it">113. In ſectione pyramidali tranſeunte punctum datum ſuperficiei pyramidis rotundæ, à
            <lb/>
          puncto dato perpendicularem in ſuperficie ſectionis ductam ſuper ſuperficiem pyramidis, cum
            <lb/>
          perpendiculari ducta à puncto eiuſdem ſectionis remotiore à uertice pyramidis ſuper lineam in
            <lb/>
          illo puncto ſectionem contingentem, ſub axe pyramidis concurrere eſt neceſſe: dum tamen linea
            <lb/>
          ducta à puncto inferiori cum perpendiculari ducta à puncto ſuperiori ſuper axem pyramidis,
            <lb/>
          angulum contineat acutum. Alhazen 30 n 6.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22850" xml:space="preserve">Eſto pyramis, cuius uertex ſit a, & eius axis ſit a c k:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22851" xml:space="preserve"> ſitq́;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22852" xml:space="preserve"> in ſuperficie conica huius pyramidis
              <lb/>
            ſignatus punctus e, quem pertranſeat ſectio pyramidalis, quæ ſit e f z, in qua etiam ſit punctus z re-
              <lb/>
            motior à puncto a uertice pyramidis, quã ſit punctus e:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22853" xml:space="preserve"> contineatq́;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22854" xml:space="preserve"> linea ducta à puncto z ad axem
              <lb/>
            cum perpẽdiculari ducta à puncto e angulum acutum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22855" xml:space="preserve"> Dico, quòd ſi ducatur à puncto z linea per-
              <lb/>
            pendicularis ſuper lineam in illo puncto z ipſam ſectionem oxygoniam contingentem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22856" xml:space="preserve"> & alia per-
              <lb/>
            pendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem contingentem pyramidem in puncto e ducatur à puncto e, quòd
              <lb/>
            illæ duæ perpendiculares concurrent ſub axe a c k.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22857" xml:space="preserve"> Sit enim, ut ſuperficies plana ſecet pyramidem
              <lb/>
            ſuper punctum z æquidiſtanter baſi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22858" xml:space="preserve"> & hæc quidem per 100 huius ſecabit eam ſecũdum circulum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22859" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ſit ille circulus g b r z, cuius cẽtrum ſit c:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22860" xml:space="preserve"> communisq́;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22861" xml:space="preserve"> ſectio huius circuli & ſectionis oxygoniæ ſit
              <lb/>
            diameter ut chorda circuli, qui eſt g b r z per 104 huius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22862" xml:space="preserve"> & à pũcto uerticis pyramidis per 101 huius
              <lb/>
              <figure xlink:label="fig-0345-01" xlink:href="fig-0345-01a" number="365">
                <variables xml:id="echoid-variables349" xml:space="preserve">a e t g o f z h d c p y k b r q</variables>
              </figure>
            ducantur per ſignata in ſuperficie pyramidis puncta
              <lb/>
            e & z lineæ longitudinis pyramidis, quæ ſint lineæ a
              <lb/>
            z & a e:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22863" xml:space="preserve"> & producatur linea a e, donecipſa ſit æqualis
              <lb/>
            lineæ a z.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22864" xml:space="preserve"> Veniet quidem ad circulum, eò quòd eſt li-
              <lb/>
            nea longitudinis, & quia punctus e propinquior eſt
              <lb/>
            uertici pyramidis, quàm ſit punctus z.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22865" xml:space="preserve"> Cadat ergo li-
              <lb/>
            nea a e producta in punctum circuli o:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22866" xml:space="preserve"> & à pũcto da-
              <lb/>
            to (qui eſt e) ducatur linea perpẽdicularis ſuper ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficiem contingentem pyramidem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22867" xml:space="preserve"> hæc quidẽ per
              <lb/>
            96 huius concurret cum axe pyramidis, qui eſt a c k.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22868" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Concurrat ergo in puncto d:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22869" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit illa perpendicula.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22870" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ris e d:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22871" xml:space="preserve"> copuletur quoq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22872" xml:space="preserve"> linea z d, cõtinens angulum
              <lb/>
            acutum cum perpẽdiculari e d, qui ſit angulus z d e.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22873" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et quoniam linea d z eſt in ſuperficie ſectionis per 1
              <lb/>
            p 11, ſicut & puncta d & z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22874" xml:space="preserve"> tunc à puncto o lineæ lon-
              <lb/>
            gitudinis a e o ducatur perpẽdicularis ſuper lineam
              <lb/>
            a o per 11 p 1, & ducatur à cẽtro circuli g b r z, qđ eſt c,
              <lb/>
            ſemidiameter c o.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22875" xml:space="preserve"> Quia ergo per 89 huius angulus
              <lb/>
            c o a eſt acutus, patet, quòd perpendicularis ſuper
              <lb/>
            lineam a o ducta à puncto o, cadet ſub cẽtro circuli,
              <lb/>
            quod eſt c, in aliud punctum axis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22876" xml:space="preserve"> Sit ergo ut cõcur-
              <lb/>
            rat cum axe in puncto k:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22877" xml:space="preserve"> & erit o k ęquidiſtans lineæ
              <lb/>
            e d per 6 p 11:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22878" xml:space="preserve"> & ducatur linea k z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22879" xml:space="preserve"> & ducatur linea cõ-
              <lb/>
            tingens ſectionem in puncto z, quę ſit t q:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22880" xml:space="preserve"> & ducatur
              <lb/>
            alia contingens circulum b g z in puncto z per 17 p 3, quæ ſit z y:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22881" xml:space="preserve"> & ducatur diameter circuli, quę ſit
              <lb/>
            b c z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22882" xml:space="preserve"> & à centro c ducatur ſemidiameter perpendicularis ſuper diametrum b c z, quæ ſit c r.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22883" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia
              <lb/>
            axis a c k orthogonaliter erigitur ſuper centrum circuli b g z per 89 huius, erit linea c r perpendi-
              <lb/>
            cularis ſuper axem a c k, quoniam eſt ſemidiameter circuli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22884" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo per 4 p 11 linea c r eſt perpendicu-
              <lb/>
            laris ſuper ſuperficiem a c z ſecantem pyramidem per axem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22885" xml:space="preserve"> ſed & linea c r eſt æquidiſtans lineæ
              <lb/>
            contingenti circulum in puncto z, quæ eſt y z, per 28 p 1.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22886" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo per 8 p 11 linea z y eſt perpendicularis
              <lb/>
            ſuper ſuperficiem a c z.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22887" xml:space="preserve"> Linea ergo t q contingens ſectionem oxygoniam e f z in puncto z, continet
              <lb/>
            angulum acutum cum linea y z.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22888" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia linea t q continet angulum acutũ cum y z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22889" xml:space="preserve"> patet, quòd linea
              <lb/>
            t q non eſt perpẽdicularis ſuper illam ſuperficiẽ a c z.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22890" xml:space="preserve"> Verùm, quia punctus k (qui eſt punctus axis)
              <lb/>
            ut patet per 89 huius & per definitionẽ poli factã in principio, eſt polus ad circulũ b r z:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22891" xml:space="preserve"> palàm per
              <lb/>
            65 huius, quia lineæ k o & k z ſunt æquales, & axis a k cõmunis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22892" xml:space="preserve"> ſed & linea a o eſt æqualis lineæ a z
              <lb/>
            per 89 huius, cũ ſint lineæ longitudinis, ut patet per præmiſſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22893" xml:space="preserve"> Ergo per 8 p 1 trianguli a o k & a z k
              <lb/>
            ſunt ęquianguli:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22894" xml:space="preserve"> erit ergo angulus a o k ęqualis angulo a z k.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22895" xml:space="preserve"> Et quoniã angul
              <emph style="sub">9</emph>
            a o k eſt rectus, ideo
              <lb/>
            quòd linea o k ducta eſt perpẽdiculariter ſuper lineã a o, ut patet ք præmiſſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22896" xml:space="preserve"> erit ergo etiã angulus
              <lb/>
            a z k rectus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22897" xml:space="preserve"> Cum ergo linea k z ſit perpẽ licularis ſuք lineã a z, quæ eſt linea lõgitudinis pyramidis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22898" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            palàm, quia linea k z erit perpẽdicularis ſuper ſuperficiẽ contingentem pyramidẽ ſecundum lineã a
              <lb/>
            z lineã longitudinis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22899" xml:space="preserve"> ſed linea t q eſt in ſuperficie illa contingẽte, quia eſt cõmunis ſectio ſuperficiei
              <lb/>
            contingẽtis & ſuperficiei ſectionis e f z, quoniã eſt in ſuperficie contingente pyramidẽ, ducta con-
              <lb/>
            tingens ſectionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s22900" xml:space="preserve"> Eſtigitur linea k z perpendicularis ſuper lineam t q per definitionem lineæ ſu-
              <lb/>
            </s>
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