Blancanus, Josephus, Sphaera mvndi, sev cosmographia demonstratiua , ac facile methodo tradita : in qua totius Mundi fabrica, vna cum nouis, Tychonis, Kepleri, Galilaei, aliorumq' ; Astronomorum adinuentis continentur ; Accessere I. Breuis introductio ad geographiam. II. Apparatus ad mathematicarum studium. III. Echometria, idest Geometrica tractatio de Echo. IV. Nouum instrumentum ad Horologia

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      <text xml:lang="la" type="free">
        <div xml:id="echoid-div46" type="section" level="1" n="29">
          <pb o="24" file="0040" n="40" rhead="De Circulis Sphæræ."/>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2503" xml:space="preserve">3 In coluro ſolſtitiorum deſumitur menſura, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2504" xml:space="preserve">quantitas maximæ declinationis Eclypticæ, nec
              <unsure/>
            non
              <lb/>
            diſtantiæ polorum eiuſdem à polis æquatoris: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2505" xml:space="preserve">tanta autem eſt maxima Eclypticæ declinatio ab æquatore
              <lb/>
            quantus eſt arcus huius coluri inter æquatorem, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2506" xml:space="preserve">Eclypticam interiectus, alteraque tanta eſt diſtantia po-
              <lb/>
            lorum Eclypti æ a polis mundi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2507" xml:space="preserve">Hanc porrò maximam Eclypticæ declinationem variam varijs tempori-
              <lb/>
            bus Aſtronomi compererunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2508" xml:space="preserve">de qua varietate in Tropicis dicendum erit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2509" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div47" type="section" level="1" n="30">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head32" style="it" xml:space="preserve">De duobus Tropicis. Cap. VIII.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2510" xml:space="preserve">A Bſoluta iam maximorum ſex circulorum tractatione de quatuor minoribus agendum eſt, ac primum
              <lb/>
            de Tropicis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2511" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2512" xml:space="preserve">Τροπικος græcis idem eſt, ac latinis reuerſiuus; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2513" xml:space="preserve">ſicigitur dicti ſunt hi duo circuli, quòd in cælo indicent
              <lb/>
            Solis reuerſiones aut reditus, vt mox dicam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2514" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2515" xml:space="preserve">Sunt enim Tropici duo circuli minores, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2516" xml:space="preserve">æquatori paralelli, qui in cælo nihil aliud ſunt, quam veluti
              <lb/>
            extremæ duæ Solis diurnæ circulationes, ad quas Sol motu proprio hinc inde ab æquatore excurrit, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2517" xml:space="preserve">in-
              <lb/>
            de poſtea iterum ad æquatorem paulatim redire incipit, quamuis Sol non circulos, ſed ſpirales lineas de-
              <lb/>
            ſcribat, vt ſuo loco explicabitur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2518" xml:space="preserve">ſunt autem veluti binæ ſolaris euagationis metæ, ac carceres, intra quos
              <lb/>
            perpetuo Sol diſcurrit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2519" xml:space="preserve">hos in materiali Sphęra, referunt bini Tropici. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2520" xml:space="preserve">vterque autem ab æquatore tantum
              <lb/>
            diſtat, quanta eſt maxima Eclypticæ declinatio, quæ hodie in communi vſu cenſetur eſſe gr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2521" xml:space="preserve">23. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2522" xml:space="preserve">30|. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2523" xml:space="preserve">Ecly-
              <lb/>
            pticam enim in eo puncto, quod maximè ab Æquatore recedit contingunt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2524" xml:space="preserve">horum ille, qui ad Boream ver-
              <lb/>
            git Tropicus Cancri dicitur, quod initium Cancri attingat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2525" xml:space="preserve">dicitur etiam æſtiuus, Septentr@onalis, &</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2526" xml:space="preserve">c. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2527" xml:space="preserve">alter
              <lb/>
            qui in Auſtrum recedit, Capricorni tropicus, hyemalis, Auſtralis, ſimili ratione nuncupatur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2528" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2529" xml:space="preserve">Inuentio Tropicorum in cælo, eadem opera, qua etiam maxima Eclypticæ, aut Solis declinatio haberi
              <lb/>
            poteſt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2530" xml:space="preserve">nimirum per quadrantem Aſtronomicum aſtronomicè collocatum; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2531" xml:space="preserve">oportet obſeruare maximam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2532" xml:space="preserve">
              <unsure/>
              <lb/>
            Solis altitudinem meridianam ſupra horizontem per illos dies, quibus Sol propè initium ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2533" xml:space="preserve">verſatur: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2534" xml:space="preserve">ea
              <lb/>
            enim dabit maximam Eclypticæ declinationem, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2535" xml:space="preserve">conſequenter locum, per quem Tropicus ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2536" xml:space="preserve">dicendus
              <lb/>
            eſt æquatori paralellus, in quadrante autem apparebit arcus maximę declinationis, is ſcilicet, qui inter gra-
              <lb/>
            dum æquatoris iam inuentum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2537" xml:space="preserve">gradum Tropici modo obſeruatum, interijcitur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2538" xml:space="preserve">tantundem ab æquato-
              <lb/>
            re verſus Auſtrum recedit alter Tropicus; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2539" xml:space="preserve">cuius altitudo ſupra horizontem habetur, ſi tempore hyemali@
              <lb/>
            ſolſtitij obſeruetur per quadrantem minima Solis ſupra horizontem altitudo meridiana; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2540" xml:space="preserve">ſed cauendum eſt
              <lb/>
            ab hallucinatione, quam refractiones vaporum horizontem obſidentium inducere poſſunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2541" xml:space="preserve">ex quibus Sol
              <lb/>
            iuſto altior ſpectatur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2542" xml:space="preserve">quapropter ſatius eſt habito ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2543" xml:space="preserve">Tropico; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2544" xml:space="preserve">alterum ♑. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2545" xml:space="preserve">ad eandem diſtantiam, ſed Au-
              <lb/>
            ſtralem collocare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2546" xml:space="preserve">Solis autem, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2547" xml:space="preserve">Eclypticæ maxima declinatio varia, varijs ſeculis reperta eſt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2548" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <note position="right" xml:space="preserve">
            <lb/>
          Eratoſthenes, Hipparcus, Ptolemæus eam faciunt. # gr. 23. 51|.
            <lb/>
          Albategnius poſt Ptolemæus annis 750. a Chriſto 880. # gr. 23. 35|.
            <lb/>
          Arzahel ab Albnegnio an. 190. # gr. 23. 34|.
            <lb/>
          Almeon Almanſonis ab Arzaele an. 70. # gr. 23. 33|.
            <lb/>
          Profatius Iudæus poſtea an. 160. Chriſti 1300. # gr. 23. 32|.
            <lb/>
          Purbachius, & Regiomontanus an. Chriſti 1460. # gr. 23. 28|.
            <lb/>
          Vernerius & Copernicus an. Chriſti 15 14. # gr. 23. 28|.
            <lb/>
          Tycho Braze, an. Chriſti 1580. # gr. 23. 31|.
            <lb/>
          </note>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2549" xml:space="preserve">Qua ex varietate ſequitur, etiam neceſſario Tropicos eodem modo variari. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2550" xml:space="preserve">cuius variationis latitudo ſit
              <lb/>
            quaſi 24|. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2551" xml:space="preserve">vt patet ex præmiſſis obſeruationibus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2552" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2553" xml:space="preserve">Tropicorum munera ſunt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2554" xml:space="preserve">Primum oſtendunt extremas Solis metas, ſeu extremos duos paralellos cir-
              <lb/>
            culos, quos Sol motu diurno deſcribit, tunc quando eſt in ijs Eclypticæ punctis, quæ maximè ab æquatore
              <lb/>
            recedunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2555" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2556" xml:space="preserve">in quibus in obliqua Sphæra longiſſimos, ac breuiſſimos facit dies, ac noctes artificiales: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2557" xml:space="preserve">So@e
              <lb/>
            enim principium ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2558" xml:space="preserve">obtinente, longiſſima dies nobis, ac breuiſſima nox, contingunt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2559" xml:space="preserve">percurrit enim tunc
              <lb/>
            Tropicum ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2560" xml:space="preserve">cuius arcus diurnus, in noſtra Sphęra obliquitate, longiſſimus eſt; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2561" xml:space="preserve">nocturnus verò breuiſſimu@
              <lb/>
            omnium qui in tota anni periodo contingunt, contraria accidunt Sole ♑. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2562" xml:space="preserve">initium inuadente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2563" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2564" xml:space="preserve">2 So@ſtitia contingunt Sole iuxta puncta Tropica verſante. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2565" xml:space="preserve">dicitur autem ſo@ſt@tium, quaſi ſolis ſtatio,
              <lb/>
            quòd Sol tunc videatur ſtare, ideſt, non videtur accedere ad noſtrum Verticem, aut ab eo recedere, vel non
              <lb/>
            videtur ſupra horizontem vno die magis quam altero in meridiano eleuari, aut deprimi. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2566" xml:space="preserve">pariter videtur in
              <lb/>
            eodem loco horizontis oriri, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2567" xml:space="preserve">occidere, ſed apparet quotidie perc
              <unsure/>
            umdem cæli gyrum recurrere; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2568" xml:space="preserve">re vera
              <lb/>
            tamen quotidie paru quid, quod ſenſu vix percipitur, a Tropicis recedit, aut ad eos accedit; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2569" xml:space="preserve">circa verò pun-
              <lb/>
            cta Aequinoctialia admodum ſenſibiliter Sol accedit, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2570" xml:space="preserve">recedit à
              <unsure/>
            noſtro Vertice, ſeu ſupra horizontem ele-
              <lb/>
            uatur, aut deprimitur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2571" xml:space="preserve">ex hac Solis ſtatione ſequitur etiam dies ac nocte quodammodo ſtare, ideſt nec au-
              <lb/>
            geri, nec minui: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2572" xml:space="preserve">non igitur ſolſtitium contingit reſpectu motus diurni, quia vid@mus ſemper Solem hoc
              <lb/>
            motu circumferri: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2573" xml:space="preserve">neq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2574" xml:space="preserve">reſpectu motus Solis proprij, quia certum eſt eum quotidie vnum quaſi gradum in
              <lb/>
            Zodiacc
              <unsure/>
            progredi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2575" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2576" xml:space="preserve">Cauſa vero @olſtitiorũ eſt Eclypticæ ad Tropicos ſituatio; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2577" xml:space="preserve">nam vti materialis Sphæra oſtendit, ipſa Ecly-
              <lb/>
            ptica ante, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2578" xml:space="preserve">poſt puncta ſolſtitialia, extenditur ſecus ipſos Tropicos, minimumque ab eis recedit, ſed illis
              <lb/>
            longo ſpatio adhæret, v. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2579" xml:space="preserve">g. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2580" xml:space="preserve">gr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2581" xml:space="preserve">15. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2582" xml:space="preserve">Eclypticæ præcedentes, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2583" xml:space="preserve">15. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2584" xml:space="preserve">ſequentes punctum ſolſtitij ♋. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2585" xml:space="preserve">ipſi Tropi-
              <lb/>
            co, val@è adhæret, quare quando Sol per eos graditur, parum @emper a Tropico recedit, ſed ſinguns diebu@
              <lb/>
            motu diurno gyrum circumducit ipſi Tropico proximũ, aut qui inſenſib@liter ab eo diſcrepat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2586" xml:space="preserve">atq; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2587" xml:space="preserve">hæc eſt
              <lb/>
            ſolſtitij ratio, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2588" xml:space="preserve">cauſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2589" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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