Bélidor, Bernard Forest de, La science des ingenieurs dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d' architecture civile

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              <pb o="94" file="0424" n="458" rhead="LA SCIENCE DES INGENIEURS,"/>
            gueur du pas naturel de 24 pouces; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8725" xml:space="preserve">ſi la marche à 2 pouces de hau-
              <lb/>
            teur qui valent autant que 4 pouces de niveau, elle n’aura que 20
              <lb/>
            pouces de large, qui font enſemble 24 pouces; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8726" xml:space="preserve">à 3 pouces de hau-
              <lb/>
            teur, qui en valent 6 de niveau, il n’en faudra que 18 de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8727" xml:space="preserve">à 4
              <lb/>
            pouces de hauteur, qui valent 8 pouces de niveau, il faut 16 pou-
              <lb/>
            ces de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8728" xml:space="preserve">à 5 pouces de hauteur, 14 pouces de giron; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8729" xml:space="preserve">à 6 pouces
              <lb/>
            de haut, 12 pouces de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8730" xml:space="preserve">à 7 de haut, 10 de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8731" xml:space="preserve">à 8 de haut,
              <lb/>
            8 de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8732" xml:space="preserve">à 9 de haut, 6 de large; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8733" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8734" xml:space="preserve">ainſi du reſte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8735" xml:space="preserve">ce quiſe trouve
              <lb/>
            faire un parfaitement bon effet, comme l’experience le montre.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8736" xml:space="preserve"/>
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8737" xml:space="preserve">Pour rendre un Eſcalier commode, il faut prendre garde de ne
              <lb/>
            point faire les marches trop élevées: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8738" xml:space="preserve">pour cela, il ne faut jamais leur
              <lb/>
            donner plus de 6 pouces de hauteur, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8739" xml:space="preserve">moins encore ſi on le peut,
              <lb/>
            & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8740" xml:space="preserve">régler la largeur du giron ſelon la régle précédente; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8741" xml:space="preserve">quand on ne
              <lb/>
            peut pas leur donner autant de largeur qu’on le deſire, il faut les
              <lb/>
            faire ſaillir d’un pouce, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8742" xml:space="preserve">tailler cette partie en quart de rond.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8743" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8744" xml:space="preserve">Il y a des Architectes, qui veulent qu’on faſſe les marches un peu
              <lb/>
            inclinées ſur le devant, pour les rendre plus faciles & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8745" xml:space="preserve">plus commo-
              <lb/>
            des, quand on eſt tellement contraint par l’eſpace qu’on ne peut
              <lb/>
            leur donner une largeur convenable; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8746" xml:space="preserve">mais, quand cela arrive, il
              <lb/>
            vaut beaucoup mieux faire cette pente du ſens opoſé, c’eſt-à-dire
              <lb/>
            qu’en montant la pointe du pié ſoit un peu plus baſſe que le talon,
              <lb/>
            cette pente aidant tellement à monter, qu’il ſemble que l’on mar-
              <lb/>
            che de niveau: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8747" xml:space="preserve">on a voulu auſſi faire le giron des marches un peu
              <lb/>
            creux dans le milieu, pour rendre la montée plus douce; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8748" xml:space="preserve">mais, cette
              <lb/>
            pratique eſt trés-dangereuſe, l’experience faiſant voir que ces ſortes
              <lb/>
            d’Eſcaliers ſont difficiles à deſcendre, le pied n’y étant jamais aſſuré.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8749" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8750" xml:space="preserve">La principale choſe, que l’on doit obſerver en conſtruiſant un
              <lb/>
            Eſcalier, eſt de faire enſorte qu’il ſoit bien éclairé; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8751" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8752" xml:space="preserve">comme on
              <lb/>
            ne peut tirer du jour que des ouvertures qui ſont aſſujetties au reſte
              <lb/>
            du bâtiment, il faut bien prendre garde au choix du lieu & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8753" xml:space="preserve">à la diſ-
              <lb/>
            poſition des rempes, pour qu’il n’y ait aucun endroit qui ne ſoit
              <lb/>
            bien éclairé, ſoit par des fenêtres qui répondent au milieu de chaque
              <lb/>
            rempe, ſur les paliers, ou par les flancs; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8754" xml:space="preserve">mais, il faut éviter que les
              <lb/>
            fenêtres ſoient coupées par les rempes, comme cela ſe fait aſſés
              <lb/>
            communément, rien n’étant plus diſgracieux à la vûë. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8755" xml:space="preserve">Mais ce qu’on
              <lb/>
            vient de dire doit ſuffire pour ce ſujet, paſſons à ce qui regarde les
              <lb/>
            combles.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8756" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8757" xml:space="preserve">Les Architectes ſont aſſés partagés ſur la hauteur qu’il faut don-
              <lb/>
            ner aux combles: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8758" xml:space="preserve">les uns veulent qu’ils faſſent un triangle équilate-
              <lb/>
            ral, les autres un triangle rectangle & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8759" xml:space="preserve">iſocelle, d’autres enfin pren-
              <lb/>
            nent un milieu entre ces deux-ci & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s8760" xml:space="preserve">leur donnent pour hauteur les </s>
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