Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

Table of contents

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[131.] 4. Duærectæ lineæ ab utro uiſu ductæad concurſum duorum axium, factum in recta linea ad utrun axem obliqua, ſunt ferè inæquales. 41 p 3.
[132.] 5. E plurib. uiſibilib. ordinatim intraopticos axes diſpoſitis: remotiora incertè uidẽtur. 50 p 3.
[133.] 6. Si duæ rectæ lineæ à medio nerui cõmunis ſint contermi-nærectæ cõnectenti centra for aminum gyrineruorum cauo-rum: conſtituent triangulum æquicrurum. 30 p 3.
[134.] 7. Si recta linea ſit à medio nerui communis admedium rectæ lineæ connectentis centra fo-raminum gyrineruorum cauorum: erit ad ipſam perpendicularis. 33 p 3.
[135.] 8. Si axes, communis & duo optici, in uno uiſibilis puncto concurrant: erunt in eodem plano cum rectis, connectente centra foraminum gyrineruorum cauorum, & duab{us} à medio nerui communis connectenti conterminis. 34 p 3.
[136.] 9. Vtro uiſu uiſibile unum plerun uidetur. 28 p 3. Idem 27 n 1.
[137.] 10. Concurſiis axium opticorum in axe communifacit uiſionem certißimam: extrà, tantò certiorem, quantò axi propinquior fuerit. 44 p 3.
[138.] 11. Viſibile intra axes opticos ſitum: ueluni uiſui rectè, reliquo obliquè oppoſitum: uidetur geminum. 104.103 p 4.
[139.] 12. Viſibile aliàs unum: aliàs geminum uideri organo ostenditur. 108 p 4.
[140.] 13. Viſibile medio unius uiſus rectè, reliquo obliquè oppoſitum, uidetur geminum. 103 p 4. Idem II n.
[141.] 14. Viſibile, in quo concurrunt axes optici, aut radij his propinqui: uidetur unum. 46 p 3.
[142.] 15. Viſibile in axium opticorum concurſu certißimè uidetur: extratantò certius, quantò concurſui fuerit propinquius. 45 p 3.
[143.] 16. Viſibile magnum ſimul totum æquabiliter non uidetur. 48 p 3.
[144.] 17. Viſibile uiſui directũ, certißimè uidetur: obliquũ tantò minus, quantò obliquius. 33 p 4.
[145.] DE CAVSSIS, QVIBVS VISVI ACCIDIT DE-ceptio. Cap. III. 18. Ad uiſionem perficiendam octo neceſſaria ſunt: quorum quodlibet ad uitandum allu-cinationes, uiſibili ſymmetrum eſſe oportet. 1. 2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 19. 56 p 3. 1 p 4. Vide 36 n 1.
[146.] DE DISTINGVENDIS ERRORIBVS VI-ſus. Cap. IIII. 19. In uiſione erratur aut ſolo uiſu: aut anticipata notione: aut ſyllogiſmo.
[147.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE fiunt ſolo ſenſu. Cap. v. 20. Erratur ſolo uiſu in luce & colore, propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymme-triam. 156 p 4.
[148.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE fiuntin ſcientia & cognitione. Cap. VI. 21. Erratur anticipata nõtione: cum forma anticipata, obiecto uiſibili perperam aßimila-tur, propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam. 155 p 4.
[149.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE AC-cidunt in ſyllogiſmo & ratione. Cap. VII. 22. Erratur ſyllogiſmo propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam.
[150.] 23. Diſtantia immoder ata cre at errores in ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus. In remotione. 16 p 4.
[151.] 24. In ſitu. 44. 59. 61. 62. 97 p 4.
[152.] 25. In ſoliditate & figura. 98. 97. 95. 50. 65 p 4.
[153.] 26. In magnitudine. 28 p 4.
[154.] 27. In diuiſione, & continuatione & numero 109 p 4.
[155.] 28. In motu & quiete. 138 p 4.
[156.] 29. In aſperitate & lenitate. 141 p 4.
[157.] 30. In raritate & denſitate. 144 p 4.
[158.] 31. In umbra & tenebris. 147 p 4.
[159.] 32. In pulchritudine & deformitate. 150 p 4.
[160.] 33. In ſimilitudine & dißimilitudine. 153 p 4.
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            <s xml:id="echoid-s4479" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="85" file="0091" n="91" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER III."/>
            ad ſchedulam, quæ eſt in medio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4480" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde auferat experimẽtator indiuiduum, quod eſt apud punctũ
              <lb/>
            k, & ſchedulam, quæ eſt in illo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4481" xml:space="preserve"> & appropinquet ſchedulam, quam tenet in manu, quouſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4482" xml:space="preserve"> applicet
              <lb/>
            eam ad latus ſchedulæ, applicatæ cũ indiuiduo poſito in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4483" xml:space="preserve"> & præſeruet ſe, ut ſchedula ſit per-
              <lb/>
            pendicularis ſuper lineam poſitam in latitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4484" xml:space="preserve"> & dirigat pupillam, ſicut prius, ad ſchedulam po-
              <lb/>
            ſitam in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4485" xml:space="preserve"> tunc quidem in medio comprehendet ambas partes, quæ ſuntin duabus ſchedu-
              <lb/>
            lis comprehenſione manifeſta & certificata, & non erit inter duas formas duarum partium in de-
              <lb/>
            claratione & certificatione differentia ſenſibilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4486" xml:space="preserve"> Dein de experimẽtator moueat ſchedulam, quam
              <lb/>
            tenet in manu motu ſubtili ſuper lineam poſitam in latitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4487" xml:space="preserve"> & præſeruet ſe, ut ſitus eius ſit, ſicut
              <lb/>
            erat prius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4488" xml:space="preserve"> & intendat certificare ſchedulam, quæ eſt in medio, & intueatur bene duas ſchedulas in
              <lb/>
            hoc ſtatu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4489" xml:space="preserve"> tunc quidem uidebit, quòd quantò magis ſchedula mota remouetur à medio, tantò ma-
              <lb/>
            gis diminuitur declaratio partis, quæ eſt in ea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4490" xml:space="preserve"> Cum igitur uenerit apud punctum k:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4491" xml:space="preserve"> tunc inueniet
              <lb/>
            formam partis intelligibilem, ſed non tantùm, quantum, cum eſſet apud ſuam applicationem cum
              <lb/>
            ſchedula, quæ eſt in medio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4492" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde experimẽtator moueat ſchedulam etiam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4493" xml:space="preserve"> & extrahat illam à ra
              <lb/>
            bula:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4494" xml:space="preserve"> & rem oueat illã paulatim & paulatim in uerticatione lineæ poſitæ in latitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4495" xml:space="preserve"> & intueatur
              <lb/>
            cõſiderans optimè;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4496" xml:space="preserve"> & dirigat pupillam ad ſchedulã poſitam in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4497" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã tunc inueniet, quòd
              <lb/>
            ſchedula mota, quantò magis remouetur à medio, tantò minus apparebit pars ſcripta in ea, adeò
              <lb/>
            quòd erit nõ intelligibilis omnino.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4498" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde cum mouerit illam poſt hoc:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4499" xml:space="preserve"> uidebit, quòd quantò ma-
              <lb/>
            gis illa remouetur à medio, tantò magis latebit forma illius partis ſcriptæ in ea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4500" xml:space="preserve"> Et etiam cooperiat
              <lb/>
            experimentator uiſum, qui ſequitur punctumt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4501" xml:space="preserve"> & figat tabulam in eadẽ diſpoſitione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4502" xml:space="preserve"> & dirigat pu-
              <lb/>
            pillam unius uiſus, qui ſequitur punctum k, ad ſchedulam poſitam in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4503" xml:space="preserve"> & applicet aliam ſche-
              <lb/>
            dulam ad latus ſchedulæ poſitæ in medio, ſicut fecit prius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4504" xml:space="preserve"> tũc quidem inueniet partem, quæ eſt in
              <lb/>
            alia ſchedula, manifeſtam, inter quam & ſchedulam poſitam in medio, non eſt differentia ſenſibilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4505" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Deinde moueat ſecundam ſchedulam, ut primò fecit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4506" xml:space="preserve"> & intendat ſchedulam poſitam in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4507" xml:space="preserve"> &
              <lb/>
            dirigat pupillam ad ipſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4508" xml:space="preserve"> tunc quidem inueniet partem, quæ eſt in ſecunda ſchedula apud motũ
              <lb/>
            latére.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4509" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum peruenerit ad punctum k:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4510" xml:space="preserve"> tunc erit inter ſuam certificationem in hoc ſtatu, & ſuam
              <lb/>
            certificationem apud applicationem ſuam cum ea, quæ eſt in medio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4511" xml:space="preserve"> differentia ſenſibilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4512" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde
              <lb/>
            moueat hãc ſchedulam, & extrahat illam à tabula, ut primò fecit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4513" xml:space="preserve"> & intueatur ſchedulam in medio
              <lb/>
            poſitam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4514" xml:space="preserve"> tunc quidem inueniet, quòd ſchedula mota, quantò minus remouetur à medio, tantò mi-
              <lb/>
            nus diminuitur declaratio, quæ eſt in ea:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4515" xml:space="preserve"> adeò quòd forma eius omnino erit intelligibilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4516" xml:space="preserve"> & quan-
              <lb/>
            tò magis remouetur à medio, tantò magis latebit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4517" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div153" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head177" xml:space="preserve" style="it">15. Viſibile in axium opticorum concurſu certißimè uidetur: extratantò certius, quantò
            <lb/>
          concurſui fuerit propinquius. 45 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4518" xml:space="preserve">APparet ergo ex hac conſideratione, quòd manifeſtiſsimum uiſibilium facialium uiſui, quæ
              <lb/>
            comprehenduntur ambobus uiſibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4519" xml:space="preserve"> eſt illud, quod eſt apud concurſum duorum axium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4520" xml:space="preserve"> &
              <lb/>
            quod eſt propin quius concurſui duorum axium, eſt manifeſtius remotiore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4521" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd forma
              <lb/>
            remoti uiſi ad concurſum duorum axium eſt non certificata, licet comprehendatur utroque uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4522" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Amplius apparet ex hac conſideratione, quòd manifeſtiſsimum uiſibilium facialium, quę compre-
              <lb/>
            henduntur uno uiſu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4523" xml:space="preserve"> eſt illud, quod uidetur per axem radialem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4524" xml:space="preserve"> & illud, quod eſt propinquius illi,
              <lb/>
            eſt manifeſtius, quàm illud, quod eſt remotius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4525" xml:space="preserve"> & quod remotum uiſum à radiali axe habet formã
              <lb/>
            dubitabilem, non certificatam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4526" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div154" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head178" xml:space="preserve" style="it">16. Viſibile magnum ſimul totum æquabiliter non uidetur. 48 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4527" xml:space="preserve">AMplius apparet, quòd uiſus non comprehendit rem uiſam, quæ eſt remotarum diametrorũ,
              <lb/>
            uera comprehenſione, niſi moueat radialem axem ſuper omnes eius diametros, & ſuper o-
              <lb/>
            mnes eius partes, ſiue comprehenſio ſit ambobus uiſibus, ſiue uno.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4528" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus enim cum fuerit
              <lb/>
            ſixus in oppoſitione uiſi, quod eſt maximarum diametrorum, non comprehendet totum uera com
              <lb/>
            prehenſione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4529" xml:space="preserve"> ſed ſolùm illud, quod eſt ſuper axem & prope, certificata ſcilicet cõprehenſione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4530" xml:space="preserve"> reſi-
              <lb/>
            duæ uerò partes eius, & illud, quod remotum eſt ab axe ſcilicet, comprehendetur, ſed non certè, li-
              <lb/>
            cet uiſum ſit faciale, & indifferenter, ſiue comprehenſio ſit utroq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4531" xml:space="preserve"> uiſu, ſiue uno tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4532" xml:space="preserve"> Poſtea o-
              <lb/>
            portet experimentatorem accipere pergamenum quatuor digitorũ in omni diuiſione, in quo ſcri-
              <lb/>
            bat lineas ſcriptura ſubtili, tamen manifeſta & intelligibili.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4533" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde auferat indiuiduum poſitum
              <lb/>
            ſuper tabulam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4534" xml:space="preserve"> & ſuperponat tabulam prope uiſum, ut prius fecit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4535" xml:space="preserve"> & erigat pergamenum ſuper li-
              <lb/>
            neam poſitam in latitudine, quæ eſt in medio tabulæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4536" xml:space="preserve"> & dirigat pupillam utroque uiſu ad medium
              <lb/>
            pergameni, & intueatur ipſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4537" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam tunc inueniet ſcripturam, quæ eſt in pergameno, apertã
              <lb/>
            & intelligibilem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4538" xml:space="preserve"> Sed tamen ſcriptura, quæ eſt in medio pergameni, eſt manifeſtior, quàm quæ eſt
              <lb/>
            in extremis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4539" xml:space="preserve"> quando uiſus direxerit pupillam ad medium pergameni, & non fuerit motus ſuper o-
              <lb/>
            mnes eius diametros.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4540" xml:space="preserve"> Dein de obliquet pergamenum adeò, ut ſecet lineam poſitam in latitudine,
              <lb/>
            in puncto poſito in medio tabulæ, quod eſt punctum ſectionis (obliquatio autem pergameni ſu-
              <lb/>
            per lineam poſitam in latitudine ſit parua) & inſpiciat ambobus uiſibus medium pergameni:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4541" xml:space="preserve"> quo-
              <lb/>
            niam tunc inueniet ſcripturam legibilem, ſed non tantùm, quantùm cum pergamenum erat facia-
              <lb/>
            le.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4542" xml:space="preserve"> Deinde experimentator debet obliquare pergamenum obliquatione maiore prima, ita ut me-
              <lb/>
            dium eius ſit ſuper punctum ſectionis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4543" xml:space="preserve"> & dirigat pupillam utroq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4544" xml:space="preserve"> uiſu ad medium eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4545" xml:space="preserve"> tunc quidẽ
              <lb/>
            </s>
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