Apollonius <Pergaeus>; Lawson, John - The two books of Apollonius Pergaeus, concerning tangencies, as they have been restored by Franciscus Vieta and Marinus Ghetaldus : with a supplement to which is now added, a second supplement, being Mons. Fermat's Treatise on spherical tangencies

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92[15]

DETERMINATE SECTION.

BOOK I.

PROBLEM I. (Fig. 1.)

In any indefinite ſtraight line, let the Point A be aſſigned; it is required
to cut it in ſome other point O, ſo that the ſquare on the ſegment AO
may be to the ſquare on a given line, P, in the ratio of two given ſtraight
lines R and S.

Analysis. Since, by Hypotheſis, the ſquare on AO muſt be to the
ſquare on P as R is to S, the ſquare on AO will be to the Square on P as
the ſquare on R is to the rectangle contained by R and S (Eu. V. 15.)
Let there be taken AD, a mean proportional between AB (R) and AC
(S); then the Square on AO is to the ſquare on P as the ſquare on R is
to the ſquare on AD, or (Eu. VI. 22) AO is to P as R to AD; conſe-
quently, AO is given by Eu. VI. 12.

Synthesis. Make AB equal to R, AC equal to S, and deſcribe on
BC a ſemi-circle; erect at A the indefinite perpendicular AF, meeting the
circle in D, and take AF equal to P; draw DB, and parallel thereto FO,
meeting the indefinite line in O, the point required.

For, by reaſon of the ſimilar triangles ADB, AFO, AO is to AF (P) as
AB (R) is to AD; therefore (Eu. VI. 22.) the ſquare on AO is to the
ſquare on P as the ſquare on R is to the ſquare on AD; but the ſquare on
AD is equal to the rectangle contained by AB (R) and AC (S) by Eu. VI.
13. 17; and ſo the ſquare on AO is to the ſquare on P as the ſquare on R
is to the rectangle contained by R and S; that is (Eu. V. 15.) as R is to S.

Q. E. D.

Scholium. Here are no limitations, nor any precautions whatever to be
obſerved, except that AB (R) muſt be ſet off from A that way which O
is required to fall.

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