Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div155" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <pb o="88" file="0094" n="94" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div156" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head180" xml:space="preserve">DE CAVSSIS, QVIBVS VISVI ACCIDIT DE-
            <lb/>
          ceptio. Cap. III.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head181" xml:space="preserve" style="it">18. Ad uiſionem perficiendam octo neceſſaria ſunt: quorum quodlibet ad uitandum allu-
            <lb/>
          cinationes, uiſibili ſymmetrum eſſe oportet. 1. 2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 19. 56 p 3. 1 p 4. Vide 36 n 1.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4672" xml:space="preserve">DEclaratum eſt in libro primo [36 n] quòd ad hoc, ut formas corporis uiſi directè uiſus com
              <lb/>
            prehendat, neceſſaria eſt quorundam aggregatio, quæ ſunt Longitudo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4673" xml:space="preserve"> Oppoſitio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4674" xml:space="preserve"> Lux non
              <lb/>
            multùm debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4675" xml:space="preserve"> Soliditas corporis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4676" xml:space="preserve"> Magnitudo eiuſdem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4677" xml:space="preserve"> Raritas intermedij aeris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4678" xml:space="preserve"> ſi enim
              <lb/>
            adfuerit alicuius horum defectus, non erit uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4679" xml:space="preserve"> Planum eſt etiam exlibro ſecundo [12.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4680" xml:space="preserve"> 13.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4681" xml:space="preserve"> 20 n]
              <lb/>
            quòd nihil poteſt uiſus comprehendere ex corporibus, niſi in tempore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4682" xml:space="preserve"> Tẽpus igitur eſt unum eo-
              <lb/>
            rum, quæ neceſſaria ſunt ad hoc, ut fiat uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4683" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter infirmitas oculi impedit uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4684" xml:space="preserve"> quare ſani-
              <lb/>
            tas erit unum neceſſariorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4685" xml:space="preserve"> Amplius iam explanatum eſt in parte præcedente [15.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4686" xml:space="preserve"> 17n] quòd
              <lb/>
            corpus multùm elongatum ab axe, occultatur uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4687" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi multùm tunc fuerit declinatum, non ple-
              <lb/>
            nè comprehendetur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4688" xml:space="preserve"> Neceſſarius ergo eſt ſitus ad complementum uiſus, cum non plena fiat com-
              <lb/>
            prehenſio, niſi in ſitu determinato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4689" xml:space="preserve"> Sunt ergo octo neceſſaria ad operationem uiſus, Longitudo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4690" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Situs:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4691" xml:space="preserve"> Lux:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4692" xml:space="preserve"> Magnitudo corporis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4693" xml:space="preserve"> Soliditas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4694" xml:space="preserve"> Raritas aeris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4695" xml:space="preserve"> Tẽpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4696" xml:space="preserve"> Sanitas uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4697" xml:space="preserve"> Et quodlibet iſto-
              <lb/>
            rum latitudinem habet proportionatam ad rem uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4698" xml:space="preserve"> Verbi gratia, corpus aliquod ab aliqua di-
              <lb/>
            ſtantia plenè comprehenditur, ab alia non plenè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4699" xml:space="preserve"> & inter illas diſtantias eſt latitudo magna, in qua
              <lb/>
            fit plena comprehenſio illius corporis, quæ eſt latitudo longitudinis, reſpectu tanti corporis, & ſe-
              <lb/>
            cundum quod maius fuerit corpus, maior erit latitudo diſtantiæ eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4700" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo cum magna fue-
              <lb/>
            rit corporis alicuius declinatio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4701" xml:space="preserve">non comprehendentur notæ, uel particulæ, quæ ſunt in eo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4702" xml:space="preserve"> ſi autẽ
              <lb/>
            in eadem declinatione uideatur corpus, in quo maioris quantitatis notæ, uel partes minus minutę
              <lb/>
            fuerint:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4703" xml:space="preserve"> comprehendentur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4704" xml:space="preserve"> in minore autem declinatione corporis primi, uidebuntur eius minu-
              <lb/>
            tiæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4705" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt inter has declinationes latitudo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4706" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter corpus paruum circa axem ſitum uidetur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4707" xml:space="preserve"> mul
              <lb/>
            tùm elongatum, occultatur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4708" xml:space="preserve"> & in eadem elongatione corpus maius uidebitur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4709" xml:space="preserve"> Palàm ergo, quòd
              <lb/>
            ſitus habet latitudinem proportionatam ad corporis magnitudinem & minutias eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4710" xml:space="preserve"> Lucem pla-
              <lb/>
            num eſt habere latitudinem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4711" xml:space="preserve"> fortitu do enim lucis cum magna fuerit, obfuſcat apparentiam corpo-
              <lb/>
            ris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4712" xml:space="preserve"> & ſimiliter etiam eiuſdem debilitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4713" xml:space="preserve"> ſed erit corporum apparentia in lucibus intermedijs.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4714" xml:space="preserve"> Præ-
              <lb/>
            terea in luce aliqua quædã partes corporis cõprehenduntur, & in eadẽluce aliæ minutiſsimæ ab-
              <lb/>
            ſconduntur, quæ in luce maiore uiderẽtur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4715" xml:space="preserve"> Eſt ergo latitudo lucis proportionata ad magnitudinẽ
              <lb/>
            corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4716" xml:space="preserve"> Magnitudo corporis habet latitudinẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4717" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim partes rei uiſæ nõ fuerint proportionales
              <lb/>
            totali:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4718" xml:space="preserve"> occultabũtur uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4719" xml:space="preserve"> ſi uerò fuerint ꝓportionales, & corpus totale fuerit modicũ, adhuc ab-
              <lb/>
            ſcondentur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4720" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde in auibus & animalibus minutis particulas aliquas nõ percipimus, licet ſint pro-
              <lb/>
            portionales eis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4721" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt magnũ fuerit corpus uiſum, & partes eius ꝓportionales:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4722" xml:space="preserve"> nõ latebũtuſque-
              <lb/>
            adeò.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4723" xml:space="preserve"> Eſt igitur latitudo magnitudinis rei uiſæ proportionata ad totale corpus, cuius pars fuerit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4724" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Soliditas aũt habet latitudinẽ ꝓportionatã ad rem uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4725" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim in corpore aliquo coloracutus
              <lb/>
            fuerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4726" xml:space="preserve"> licet paucæ ſoliditatis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4727" xml:space="preserve"> uideri poterit, quòd eadẽ ſoliditate manẽte nõ accideret, ſi color eſſet
              <lb/>
            obtuſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4728" xml:space="preserve"> Raritas aeris habet latitudinẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4729" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim uiſui & ſcripturæ interponatur aer parũ ſolidus, ut
              <lb/>
            flãma uel fumus, ſcriptura nõ diſcernetur, pergamenũ tamẽ uidebitur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4730" xml:space="preserve"> & ſic in huiuſmodi alijs.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4731" xml:space="preserve"> Eſt
              <lb/>
            ergo proportionata hæc latitudo ſecũdũ uiſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4732" xml:space="preserve"> Tempus habet latitudinẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4733" xml:space="preserve"> Si quis enim per foramen
              <lb/>
            inſpiciat corpus, quod ſtatim tranſeat, non percipietur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4734" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter motus trochi (quia uelociſsi-
              <lb/>
            mus) in tempore multùm paruo non attenditur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4735" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter accidit in motu multùm paruo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4736" xml:space="preserve"> Sani-
              <lb/>
            tas habet latitudinem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4737" xml:space="preserve"> In quadam enim infirmitate minutiæ corporis uiſi ab ſconduntur, in mino-
              <lb/>
            re percipiuntur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4738" xml:space="preserve"> Et generaliter quilibet ſitus, in quo non uerificatur forma rei uiſæ, ſicut eſt in ueri-
              <lb/>
            tate, eſt ſitus egreſſus à remperantia ad rem uiſam illam proportionata.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4739" xml:space="preserve"> Egreditur autem ſitus rei
              <lb/>
            uiſæ à temperamento in longitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4740" xml:space="preserve"> uel propter maximum longitudinis excrementum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4741" xml:space="preserve"> uel maxi
              <lb/>
            mam eius diminutionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4742" xml:space="preserve"> In ſitu ſit egreſsio à temperantia per maximam ab axe elongationem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4743" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            per ſitus corporis reſpectu duorum uiſuum diuerſitatem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4744" xml:space="preserve"> per maximam eius decliñationem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4745" xml:space="preserve"> In lu-
              <lb/>
            ce egreſſum à temperantia efficit fortitudo maxima eius, uel debilitas nimia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4746" xml:space="preserve"> In magnitudine di-
              <lb/>
            minutio quantitatis rei uiſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4747" xml:space="preserve"> In ſoliditate raritatis intenſio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4748" xml:space="preserve"> In aere nimia eius ſpiſsitudo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4749" xml:space="preserve"> In tèmpo-
              <lb/>
            re minima eius duratio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4750" xml:space="preserve"> In ſanitate debilitas uiſus maxima, uel eius immutatio ſecundum ægritu-
              <lb/>
            dinem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4751" xml:space="preserve"> Habet autem temperamentum latitudinem, quæ ſic patebit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4752" xml:space="preserve"> Viſo aliquo corpore, & pau-
              <lb/>
            lulum à uiſu elongato uel adducto:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4753" xml:space="preserve"> dum uidetur diſtans à ueritate inſenſibili proportione, adhuc
              <lb/>
            eſt de temperamento:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4754" xml:space="preserve"> & ita donec proportionalis ſit, & ſenſibilis apparentiæ mutatio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4755" xml:space="preserve"> Menſura-
              <lb/>
            tur etiam temperamenti latitudo in quolibet iſtorum ſecundum proportionem eius ad alia ſeptẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4756" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & ſecundum colorem & partium corporis paruitatem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4757" xml:space="preserve"> Igitur latitudo temperamenti longitudinis
              <lb/>
            attenditur, & ſecundum colorem & ſecundum minutias, quæ in corpore fuerint, & ſecundum lu-
              <lb/>
            cem, & ſexalia, quæ dicta ſunt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4758" xml:space="preserve"> Secundum coloris uarietatem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4759" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam corpus fortis & acuti co-
              <lb/>
            loris, à maiore longitudine percipitur, quàm obſcuri & debilis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4760" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde latitudo temperamenti
              <lb/>
            longitudinis maior, eſt proportionata magis ad colorem fortem, quàm ad debilem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4761" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter ſi
              <lb/>
            fuerint in corpore uiſo notæ notabiles, à maiore longitudine comprehendentur, quàm ſi multùm
              <lb/>
            paruæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4762" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde maior longitudinis temperantia, reſpectu partium corporis notabilium, quàm reſpe
              <lb/>
            ctu minutarum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4763" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo maius eſt temperamẽtum longitudinis ad rectam corporis oppoſitio-
              <lb/>
            </s>
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