Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div159" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4905" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="91" file="0097" n="97" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER III."/>
            cidit autem error ex intemperamento ſitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4906" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam ipſo ad tẽperantiam reducto, non errabit iu-
              <lb/>
            dicium ex ſcientia ſumptum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4907" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo in magna corporis declinatione non uerificantur particu-
              <lb/>
            læ minutæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4908" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde accidit in hoc ſitu error figuræ, coloris, magnitudinis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4909" xml:space="preserve"> Forſan enim quadratum ui-
              <lb/>
            detur circulare:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4910" xml:space="preserve"> & ita error in quantitate & colore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4911" xml:space="preserve"> Egreſsio lucis à temperamẽto errorẽ inducit ſci
              <lb/>
            entiæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4912" xml:space="preserve"> Debilitas enim lucis nimia errorem infert formę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4913" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde accidit error in crepuſculis, in anima
              <lb/>
            libus, ueſtib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4914" xml:space="preserve"> arboribus, ſcilicet triplex, uel in indiuiduo, uel in ſpecie, uel in utroq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4915" xml:space="preserve">:
              <unsure/>
            quod non acci-
              <lb/>
            deret in temperata luce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4916" xml:space="preserve"> Amplius ſi fuerit egreſsio lucis à temperamento proportionato uiſo, oppo
              <lb/>
            ſito uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4917" xml:space="preserve"> accidet error prædictus, licet non ſit intemperata in ſe lux:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4918" xml:space="preserve"> ſicut euenit in quadam aue ara
              <lb/>
            bicè aluerach dicta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4919" xml:space="preserve"> non enim uideri poteſt, niſi de nocte:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4920" xml:space="preserve"> egreditur enim lux à temperamẽto, reſpe
              <lb/>
            ctu illius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4921" xml:space="preserve"> percipitur aũt de nocte, ſicut ignis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4922" xml:space="preserve"> de die uerò cũ nõ plenè diſcernatur, forſan papilio (cui
              <lb/>
            eſt ſimilis) putabitur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4923" xml:space="preserve"> Etaccidit error in definitione rei ex intemperata luce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4924" xml:space="preserve"> Quantitas extra tem-
              <lb/>
            perantiam ſita errare facit ſcientiam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4925" xml:space="preserve"> Vn de aliquan do formica præ ſui paruitate æſtimatur muſca
              <lb/>
            tritico innata:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4926" xml:space="preserve"> & aliquando eadẽ de cauſſa ſinapis granũ reputatur naſturtium.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4927" xml:space="preserve"> Soliditas à tẽpera
              <lb/>
            mento egreſſa errorẽ efficit, ut cũ cryſtallo cõtinuatur corpus rubeum, alia cryſtalli facie uiſui oppo
              <lb/>
            ſita:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4928" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabit uidens colorẽ cryſtalli, eſſe rubedinẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4929" xml:space="preserve"> unde error eſt ſcientiæ, quia in coloris defini-
              <lb/>
            tione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4930" xml:space="preserve"> Raritas aeris nimis diminuta, erroris eſt cauſſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4931" xml:space="preserve">unde in eius ſpiſsitudine fit error in rei defini
              <lb/>
            tione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4932" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter ſi oculo & corpori uiſo interponatur corpus, cuius raritas extra temperantiam eſt,
              <lb/>
            reſpectu aeris tẽperatæ raritatis, ſicut eſt uitrum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4933" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabitur color corporis oppoſiti mixtus ex co
              <lb/>
            lore proprio & colore uitri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4934" xml:space="preserve"> Et ita eſt error in coloris definitiõe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4935" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo ſi anreponatur oculo pã
              <lb/>
            nus multũ rarus, & poſt illũ uideatur corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4936" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit color corporis mixtus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4937" xml:space="preserve"> Sed oritur quæſtio,
              <lb/>
            quomodo poſt pãni oppoſitionẽ appareat coloris corporis mixtura, cũ partiales corporis colores
              <lb/>
            accedãt ad oculũ non niſi per pãni foramina:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4938" xml:space="preserve"> & ex pãno nõ accedat ad oculũ color, niſi ex filis eius,
              <lb/>
            per quę non tranſeunt colores corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4939" xml:space="preserve"> Et huius rei ueritas eſt Quod licet partiales corporis colo
              <lb/>
            res ſigillatim ueniant, & in ſual loca cadãt, nec commiſceantur filorum coloribus, ſed filorum colo-
              <lb/>
            res ſint ab eis ſeparati intra uiſum & extra, nec ſit ibi aliqua confuſio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4940" xml:space="preserve"> tñ quia ualde propinqua ſunt
              <lb/>
            puncta, in quæ incidunt color corporis ſuperficialis & color fili (cum non ſit diſtantia ſenſibilis in-
              <lb/>
            ter ea) uidentur quaſi punctum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4941" xml:space="preserve"> unde colores ibi apparent unus ex eis mixtus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4942" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò magna fue-
              <lb/>
            rint panni foramina, diſcernetur & panni & coloris corporis ueritas ſine mixtura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4943" xml:space="preserve"> Et quantò com-
              <lb/>
            preſsior fuerit foraminum ſtrictura, tantò uerior apparebit mixtura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4944" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde uiſo corpore poſt pan-
              <lb/>
            num lanæ, uidebitur mixtura colorum plurimùm conſonans colori filorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4945" xml:space="preserve"> Foramina enim panni
              <lb/>
            lanei in ſe ſunt ſtricta, & quoniam pilis teguntur, efficiuntur ſtrictiora.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4946" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter cum aliquis iocula-
              <lb/>
            tor facit imagines ligneas moueri, umbræ earum inſpicienti per pannum, (ſicut ſolet fieri) lineum
              <lb/>
            ſubtilem, apparebunt aues, aut animalia form is imaginum conſona.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4947" xml:space="preserve"> Nec accidit error iſte in defini-
              <lb/>
            tionis aſsignatione, niſi ex raritatis aeris diminutione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4948" xml:space="preserve"> Temporis diſtantia extra temperamentum
              <lb/>
            erroris ſcientiæ eſt cauſſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4949" xml:space="preserve"> Si quis enim per foramen inſpiciat corpus tranſiens ueloci motu, non
              <lb/>
            plenè acquirit formam corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4950" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde accidit error in indiuiduo, in ſpecie, in utroque, ut in equis,
              <lb/>
            hominibus & arboribus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4951" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter etiã accidit ſine foramine, ut ſi quis ſubitò aliquid uideat, quod
              <lb/>
            ſtatim à uiſu recedat, errabit in comprehenſione illius formæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4952" xml:space="preserve"> unde forſan erit error in ſpecie, in
              <lb/>
            indiuiduo, uel in utroque.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4953" xml:space="preserve"> Et erit error iſte ex ſolo tempore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4954" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ſolus errorem facit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4955" xml:space="preserve"> ſi lux ſolis
              <lb/>
            fortiter deſcendat ſuper colorem uiridem fortem, uel intenſam rubedinem, adhibito uiſu lædetur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4956" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & cum aliquid deinde inſpexerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4957" xml:space="preserve"> aliud ei, quàm ſit in ueritate, apparebit, aut alterius coloris, pro-
              <lb/>
            pter præſentiam læſionis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4958" xml:space="preserve"> Et modo ſimili accidunt errores plurimi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4959" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo in oculorum ægri-
              <lb/>
            tudine aliquando equus apparet aſinus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4960" xml:space="preserve"> Et accidit error triplex prædictus & in pluribus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4961" xml:space="preserve"> Et planũ
              <lb/>
            eſt, errorẽ eſſe in ſcientia, exſola immoderatione uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4962" xml:space="preserve"> Plani ergo ſunt errores, qui in uiſu ſcienti
              <gap/>
              <lb/>
            accidunt ſecundum ſingulas erroris uiſus cauſſas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4963" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div160" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head188" xml:space="preserve">DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE AC-
            <lb/>
          cidunt in ſyllogiſmo & ratione. Cap. VII.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head189" xml:space="preserve" style="it">22. Erratur ſyllogiſmo propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4964" xml:space="preserve">PLurima eorum, quorum in uiſu fit comprehenſio, acquiruntur ex ſyllogiſmo, ſicut patuit ex
              <lb/>
            præcedente libro:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4965" xml:space="preserve"> & præceſsit explanatio eorum, quorum per ſyllogiſmum fit comprehen-
              <lb/>
            ſio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4966" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd exeis occurrat ſenſui compoſitio in ſingulis formis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4967" xml:space="preserve"> Cum ergo acciderit error in
              <lb/>
            aliquo illorum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4968" xml:space="preserve"> erit error in comprehenſione facta per ſyllogiſmum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4969" xml:space="preserve"> Bipertita eſt autem partitio
              <lb/>
            erroris in ſyllogiſmo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4970" xml:space="preserve"> aut enim erit in propoſitionibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4971" xml:space="preserve"> aut in earum congregatione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4972" xml:space="preserve"> In propoſitio-
              <lb/>
            nibus triplex:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4973" xml:space="preserve"> aut enim falſa loco ueræ ſumitur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4974" xml:space="preserve"> aut particularis loco uniuerſalis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4975" xml:space="preserve"> aut in compara-
              <lb/>
            tione propoſitionum erratur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4976" xml:space="preserve"> Verbi gratia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4977" xml:space="preserve"> Sifuerint in re uiſa partes, quæ appareant, & partes,
              <lb/>
            quæ lateant, quæ tamen comprehenſibiles ſint uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4978" xml:space="preserve"> Sim illam figatur uiſus intentio, cum uiden-
              <lb/>
            tem partes illæ præcedant:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4979" xml:space="preserve"> ex eis tantùm, quæ in re uiſa acquirit, concludit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4980" xml:space="preserve"> Cum etiam con-
              <lb/>
            cluſiones aliquas, quas rei illi accidentes conſiderat:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4981" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimat eas accidere ei expartibus eius ap-
              <lb/>
            parentibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4982" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam non mſi eas computat.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4983" xml:space="preserve"> Cum uero intuitus diligentiam in re uiſa figit, par-
              <lb/>
            tes prius latentes percipit, & errorem cognoſcit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4984" xml:space="preserve"> Enumerabo igitur errores eorum, quæ compre-
              <lb/>
            bendit uiſus per ſyllogiſmum, quæ numero ſunt uiginti duo, ut ſic pateant errores in ſyllogiſmo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4985" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
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