Bernstein, Aaron, Naturwissenschaftliche Volksbücher, Bd. 17-21, 1897

Table of Notes

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s163" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="12" file="020" n="20"/>
            Grund wohl hauptſächlich in der Mangelhaftigkeit der damaligen
              <lb/>
            Mikroſkope und der daraus ſich ergebenden Schwierigkeit der
              <lb/>
            Beobachtung. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s164" xml:space="preserve">Erſt der bekanute Berliner Naturforſcher
              <lb/>
              <emph style="sp">Ehrenberg</emph>
            (1795—1876) wandte dem Gegenſtande 1838 von
              <lb/>
            neuem ſeine Aufmerkſamkeit zu. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s165" xml:space="preserve">In den damals herrſchenden
              <lb/>
            naturphiloſophiſchen Anſchauungen befangen, begnügte er ſich
              <lb/>
            damit, jene Organismen zu klaſſifizieren und wies ihnen die
              <lb/>
            niederſte Stufe im Tierreiche zu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s166" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s167" xml:space="preserve">Eine weſentliche Erweiterung erfuhren unſere Kenntniſſe
              <lb/>
            von den Bakterien erſt gegen Ende der 50er Jahre durch
              <lb/>
              <emph style="sp">Ferd. Cohn</emph>
            (geſt. 25. Juni 1898 als Profeſſor der Botanik
              <lb/>
            an der Univerſität Breslau), welcher durch ſeine bahubrechenden
              <lb/>
            Unterſuchungen zu dem unzweifelhaften Ergebuis gelangte, daß
              <lb/>
            jene Organismen eine der niederſten, wenn nicht gar die
              <lb/>
            niederſte Stufe des Pflauzenreichs darſtellen.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s168" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s169" xml:space="preserve">Seitdem hat die Bakterienforſchung einen ungeahuten Auf-
              <lb/>
            ſchwung genommen, namentlich durch die Arbeiten von
              <emph style="sp">Cohn,
                <lb/>
              Paſteur, Nägeli, van Tieghem, Zopf, de Bary,
                <lb/>
              Brefeld, Robert Koch u. a.</emph>
            </s>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s170" xml:space="preserve">Bevor wir der Betrachtung der Bakterien ſelbſt näher
              <lb/>
            treten, wollen wir zum beſſeren Verſtändnis ihres Baues
              <lb/>
            einige Worte aus der elementaren botaniſchen Anatomie wieder-
              <lb/>
            holen.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s171" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s172" xml:space="preserve">Dem Kundigen der Lebeweſen iſt ja das Mikroſkop, jener
              <lb/>
            freundliche Verräter des Kleinſten unentbehrlich geworden.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s173" xml:space="preserve">Wenn wir mit ſeiner Hilfe bei ſtärkerer Vergrößerung irgend
              <lb/>
            einen Pflanzenteil, z. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s174" xml:space="preserve">B. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s175" xml:space="preserve">ein kleines Holzſplitterchen betrachten,
              <lb/>
            ſo überraſcht uns ein verwickelter Bau, der im erſten Augen-
              <lb/>
            blick wohl etwas verwirrt. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s176" xml:space="preserve">Soviel iſt jedoch bald zu er-
              <lb/>
            kennen, daß das betrachtete Pflanzenteilchen — wie wir
              <lb/>
            ſchon früher ſahen — aus vielen, kleinen Kämmerchen zu-
              <lb/>
            ſammengeſetzt wird. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s177" xml:space="preserve">Es werden dieſe Kämmerchen
              <emph style="sp">Zellen</emph>
              <lb/>
            genannt, und es hat ſich ergeben, daß alle Organismen:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s178" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
    </echo>
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