Clavius, Christoph, Gnomonices libri octo, in quibus non solum horologiorum solariu[m], sed aliarum quo[quam] rerum, quae ex gnomonis umbra cognosci possunt, descriptiones geometricè demonstrantur
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4439" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="81" file="0101" n="101" rhead="LIBER PRIMVS."/>
            tinet. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4440" xml:space="preserve">Si vero dicta perpendicularis à meridie in
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              <figure xlink:label="fig-0101-01" xlink:href="fig-0101-01a" number="64">
                <image file="0101-01" xlink:href="http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/zogilib?fn=/permanent/library/xxxxxxxx/figures/0101-01"/>
              </figure>
            occaſum, vel à Septentrione in ortum declinet,
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            declinabit murus propoſitus à meridie in ortũ, ſi
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            ad ortum vergit, vel à Septentrione in occaſum, ſi
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            ad occaſum ſpectat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4441" xml:space="preserve">Quę omnia ex hac figura per-
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            ſpicua ſunt, in qua linea meridiana eſt I k, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4442" xml:space="preserve">com-
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            munis ſectio Verticalis circuli & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4443" xml:space="preserve">Horizontis L M,
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            illam in N, ad rectos angulos ſecans. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4444" xml:space="preserve">Nam propo-
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            ſito muro A B, qui ad ortum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4445" xml:space="preserve">muro C D, qui ad
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0101-01" xlink:href="note-0101-01a" xml:space="preserve">10</note>
            occaſum ſpectat, quoniam perpendicularis B C, à
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            meridie in ortũ, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4446" xml:space="preserve">perpendicularis A D, à Septen-
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            trione in occaſum declinat, idcirco murus A B, à
              <lb/>
            Septentrione in ortum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4447" xml:space="preserve">murus C D, à meridie
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            in occaſum declinat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4448" xml:space="preserve">Similiter propoſito muro E F,
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            ad ortum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4449" xml:space="preserve">muro G H, ad occaſum vergente,
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            quia perpendicularis F G, à meridie in occaſum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4450" xml:space="preserve">
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            perpendicularis E H, à Septentrione in ortum de-
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            clinat, propterea murus E F, à meridie in ortũ, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4451" xml:space="preserve">murus G H, à Septentrione in occaſum declinat.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4452" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4453" xml:space="preserve">IDEM per ſolam lineam meridianam obtinere poſſumus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4454" xml:space="preserve">Inuenta enim prope murum li-
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0101-02" xlink:href="note-0101-02a" xml:space="preserve">20</note>
            nea meridiana in plano, quod Horizonti ęquidiſtet, ſi hęc cum muro coeat ad partes Boreę, mu-
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            rusq́; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4455" xml:space="preserve">ad ortum ſpectet, declinabit murus à meridie in ortum, à meridie vero in occaſum, ſi ad
              <lb/>
            occaſum ſpectet murus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4456" xml:space="preserve">Si autem linea meridiana cum muro coeat ad partes auſtrales, declinabit
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            murus à Septentrione in ortum vel occaſum, prout ad ortum, vel occaſum ſpectat, vt ex priori fi-
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            gura huius propoſ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4457" xml:space="preserve">facile apparet. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4458" xml:space="preserve">Sed quoniam in planis, quæ parum à Meridiano circulo diffe-
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            runt, vix meridiana linea cum ipſis concurrit, idcirco priorem modum eligendũ eſſe iudicarem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4459" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4460" xml:space="preserve">IN planis ad Horizontem rectis facilius idem hac ratione conſequemur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4461" xml:space="preserve">Expectetur aliquo
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            die tempus meridiei, quod vel per horologium aliquod, vel per altitudinem meridianam Solis di-
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            ligenter diſcendum erit. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4462" xml:space="preserve">Nam ſi tunc planum propoſitum à Sole illuſtretur, dubitandum nullo
              <lb/>
            pacto erit, quin ad auſtrum uergat, ad boream uero, ſi non illuminetur a Sole. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4463" xml:space="preserve">Immo hoc etiam
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0101-03" xlink:href="note-0101-03a" xml:space="preserve">30</note>
            modo diſcemus, an planum propoſitũ in ortum declinet, an vero in occaſum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4464" xml:space="preserve">Si enim ad meridiẽ
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            ſpectet, longiori autem tempore ante meridiem illuſtretur a ſole, quam poſt meridiem, declinabit
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            à meridie in ortum, in occaſum autem, ſi contra ſe res habeat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4465" xml:space="preserve">Sic quoque, ſi planum ſpectet ad bo
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            ream, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4466" xml:space="preserve">pluribus horis matutino tempore, quam ueſpertino illuminetur à Sole, deflectet à Se-
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            ptentrione in ortum, ſi uero contrario modo ſe res habeat, in occaſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4467" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4468" xml:space="preserve">IDEM experiri licet in planis ad Horizontem inclinatis, ſi tempore meridiei ſupra lineam,
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            quæ in propoſito plano ducta eſt Horizõti æquidiſtãs, ſtatuatur tabella aliqua plana ex quacunque
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            materia ad Horizontem recta, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4469" xml:space="preserve">obſeruetur, utrum facies illa, quæ cum plano inclinato obtuſum
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            angulum conficit, illuſtretur tunc à Sole, nec ne. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4470" xml:space="preserve">Ex hoc enim cognoſcemus, ut de planis ad Hori-
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            zontem rectis diximus, an ea tabella, atque adeo & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4471" xml:space="preserve">linea illa Horizonti æquidiſtans, uel potius pla-
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              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0101-04" xlink:href="note-0101-04a" xml:space="preserve">40</note>
            num ipſum inclinatum à meridie declinet, an a Septentrione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4472" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4473" xml:space="preserve">HÆC autem omnia intelligẽda ſunt in ſphæra obliqua maiorem latitudinem habente, quam
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            gr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4474" xml:space="preserve">23. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4475" xml:space="preserve">min. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4476" xml:space="preserve">30. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4477" xml:space="preserve">quanta uidelicet eſt maxima declinatio Solis. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4478" xml:space="preserve">Nam in minori latitudine fieri poteſt
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            ut planum a Septentrione declinans illuſtretur à Sole in meridie, dum in principio ♋, exiſtit, uel
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            prope, vt ex ſphæra materiali conſtat. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4479" xml:space="preserve">Sed Sole exiſtente auſtraliore ipſo muro, ita ut umbræ om-
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            nes in Septentrionem proijciantur, locum etiam habebunt ea, quæ diximus, in ſphæra obliqua
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            minoris latitudinis, quàm gr. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4480" xml:space="preserve">23. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4481" xml:space="preserve">min. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4482" xml:space="preserve">30.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4483" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4484" xml:space="preserve">QVOD ſi murus parum à Meridiano circulo abſit, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4485" xml:space="preserve">tectum ędificii ita promineat, vt in me-
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            ridie murus à Sole nõ poſſit illuſtrari, ducenda erit in ſolo procul à muro linea ipſi muro æqui-
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            diſtans, ita vt in meridie tota à Sole illuminetur. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4486" xml:space="preserve">Nam ſi ſtylus in ea linea poſitus, vel certe filum
              <lb/>
              <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0101-05" xlink:href="note-0101-05a" xml:space="preserve">50</note>
            cum perpendiculo libere pendens proiiciat in meridie vmbram, quę illam lineam ſecet, ita vt ex
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            parte Septentrionali vmbra ſit inter murum, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4487" xml:space="preserve">dictam lineam, ſpectabit murus ad meridiem; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4488" xml:space="preserve">ad
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            boream vero, ſi contra linea illa ex parte boreali extiterit inter vmbram & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4489" xml:space="preserve">murum. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4490" xml:space="preserve">Si autem vm-
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            bra in ipſam lineam cadet, æquidiſtabit murus Meridiano circulo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4491" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4492" xml:space="preserve">INCLINATIONEM autẽ cuiuslibet plani ad Horizontem (voco autẽ inclinationem an-
              <lb/>
              <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0101-06" xlink:href="note-0101-06a" xml:space="preserve">Inclinatio pla-
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              ni propoſiti ad
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              Horizontẽ qua
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              ratione inuefti
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              ganda ſit.</note>
            gulum acutum, quem faciunt cõmunes ſectiones Horizontis, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4493" xml:space="preserve">plani propoſiti cum alio plano ad
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            vtrumque recto) eodẽ inſtrumẽto A B C D, hac ratione inueſtigabimus. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4494" xml:space="preserve">Inuenta in plano propoſi-
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            to linea, quę Horizonti ęquidiſte@, nempe cõmuni ſectione plani propoſiti, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4495" xml:space="preserve">Horizõtis, ſecet eam
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            in M, ad angulos rectos recta N O; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4496" xml:space="preserve">cui inſtrumẽti latus A B, applicetur, ipſumq́; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4497" xml:space="preserve">inſtrumentũ be-
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            neficio perpendiculi ita erigatur, vt rectum ſit ad planum propoſitũ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4498" xml:space="preserve">Deinde in inſtrumento ſic ere
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            cto ducatur eiuſdẽ perpendiculi beneficio ad Horizontẽ perpendicularis HG, ſecans E F, in I. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4499" xml:space="preserve">Dico
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            E I G, eſſe angulum inclinationis plani ad Horizontẽ. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s4500" xml:space="preserve">Intelligatur enim G k, in plano </s>
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