Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.004419">
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              carbones, qui in ſummis montium cacumi­
                <lb/>
              nibus fiunt, ſub terrra in radice reperiuntur,
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              ſic & aurum. </s>
              <s id="s.004420">Solet & hac cauſa inueniri in
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              alueis fluminum inter ſaxa. </s>
              <s id="s.004421">Quamobrem
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              cùm viliſſima metalla in imo recondita ſint
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              terræ, atque plerunque impura, natura auri
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              liberalis, ac veluti prodiga, purum illud ac
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              calore nitens proprio, nullíſque ignibus
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              aut arte indigens, in ipſa ſuperficie colloca­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg599"/>
                <lb/>
              uit. </s>
              <s id="s.004422">Gignitur in ſummis montium verticibus
                <lb/>
              plerunque modico æri miſtum: nam & hoc
                <lb/>
              fatentur, qui illius hiſtoriam, quod in India
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              ſolet reperiri, ſcripſerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004423">Immaturum verò
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              perſæpè aquarum incrementis ad plana de­
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              ducitur: & vt ſolidæ ac validæ ſubſtantiæ
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              eſt concoquitur, maturatur ac perficitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004424">Si­
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              mul verò attritu arenæ, & lapidum, aut ter­
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              ræ, æs ipſum, ac quicquid inutile eſt, abſu­
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              mitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004425">Denuò verò influxu aquarum elui­
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              tur: atque eo modo inter arenas ſplendet,
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              ac ea ratione colligi ſolet. </s>
              <s id="s.004426">Nec patitur eius
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              paucitas, vt montes effodiantur, incerto lo­
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              co, & nimis interrupto, interuallis, vt to­
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              tum montem effodi neceſſe eſſet ob auri li­
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              bras paucas, quas etiam ignis abſumeret,
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              dum eruere illud è lapidibus niterentur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004427">Exoritur Abdua ex Lario lacu, vt Ticinus
                <lb/>
              ex Verbano, ambo fluuij arenas excipiunt
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              ex montibus, qui ſuos ambiunt lacus, ac cum
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              his lapides atque aurum: quod in imo la­
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              cuum excoquitur, perficitur, & repurgatur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004428">Sic in montium editis locis vi Solis aurum
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              generatur purum. </s>
              <s id="s.004429">Generatur & aliis miſtum
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              metallis, præſertim inter argenti
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi)
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg600"/>
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              fruſta. </s>
              <s id="s.004430">Nam metalla ſimul miſta ſunt, in ar­
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              gento aurum, in auro æs, argentum cum
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              plumbo plerunque eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004431">Sed quod cum aliis
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              effoditur aurum metallis, ignibus, & arte
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              non parua indiget vt purum fiat. </s>
              <s id="s.004432">Inuenitur
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              & aurum, aut potiùs eruitur ex his, quibus
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              arte hæſit: vt è vaſis auratis, tum etiam ve­
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              ſtibus, vt ſuprà docuimus: ſic & ſepultum
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg601"/>
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              effoditur, & emerſum aquis expiſcatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004433">Ita
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              vt tribus modis aurum colligere liceat: vel
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              quod iam fuit in lucem, & maſſam redigen­
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              do, vel à metallis, inter quæ latet ſeparan­
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              do, vel purum colligendo. </s>
              <s id="s.004434">Italia purum au­
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              rum hac ætate non colligit, niſi modicum
                <lb/>
              illud, quod dixi, nuper inter arenas Ticini
                <lb/>
              atque Abduæ reperiri. </s>
              <s id="s.004435">Quandoque & in Ita­
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              lia effoditur aurum purum, multa
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi)
                <lb/>
              vice: nam quæ in imo ſunt, ad ſuperfi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg602"/>
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              ciem perueniunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004436">Vnde in Germania argen­
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              tum fodiunt aliquibus in locis, puteis quin­
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              gentis orgiis ſeu paſſibus fermè profundis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004437">Magnitudo auri puri in noſtris regionibus,
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              ac in Germania ab auellanæ nucis magnitu­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg603"/>
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              dinem accedit, vt Aldeburgi, Carpatis
                <lb/>
              agris, & Slota oppido quandoque inuentum
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004438">Sed ſi fides Gonſaluo habenda eſt, in In­
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              diæ parte, quam nuper diximus, auri fru­
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              ſtum Obrizi effoſſum eſt, quod pondo qua­
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              draginta duo cum dotrante æquabat. </s>
              <s id="s.004439">Fre­
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              quens eſt, quod quatuor pondo eſt, & quan­
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              doque etiam ſeptem accedit: tanta eſt natu­
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              ræ in regionibus illis liberalitas, locique ro­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg604"/>
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              bur ac benignitas. </s>
              <s id="s.004440">Sed vt auro abundant (vt
                <lb/>
              dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſic aliis metallis præſertim ferro ca­
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              rent. </s>
              <s id="s.004441">Nitet inter omnia metalla aurum ma­
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              ximè, in de argentum, pòſt æs, inde album
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              plumbum, electrum vt auro minus, ita ar­
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              gento magis: parum admodum æs cyprium,
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              ac ferrum, tum nigrum plumbum, reliqua­
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              que huius generis. </s>
              <s id="s.004442">Nam nitor fit ex humido
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              puro, leui ac ſolido, in quo lux colligitur, vt
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              in ſpeculis. </s>
              <s id="s.004443">Nullum metallum tranſlucet
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg605"/>
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              præter rude argentum tubri coloris, nec ta­
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              men ſemper: hoc enim quandoque carbun­
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              culo calore ac ſplendore haud eſt abſimile:
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              efficiuntque ex eo aliquid minio ſimile. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004444">
                <margin.target id="marg599"/>
              Aurum quo­
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              modo gene­
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              retur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004445">
                <margin.target id="marg600"/>
              Metalla ple­
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              rumque miſta.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004446">
                <margin.target id="marg601"/>
              Aurum tri­
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              bus modis
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              habetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004447">
                <margin.target id="marg602"/>
              Profundit as
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              mira fodina­
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              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004448">
                <margin.target id="marg603"/>
              Auri obrizi
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              incredibilis
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              magnitudo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004449">
                <margin.target id="marg604"/>
              Metallorum
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              ſplendor, &
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              cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004450">
                <margin.target id="marg605"/>
              Metallica
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              quæ perſpi­
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              cua, & cur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004451">Quomodo verò hoc ſolùm inter metalla
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg606"/>
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              perſpicuum ſit, curque pura metalla perſpi­
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              cua eſſe non poſſint, nunc eſt
                <expan abbr="demonſtrandũ">demonſtrandum</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004452">Perſpicuum fit, cùm lux, & lumen peruia
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              ſunt: quæ peruia luci ſunt ac lumini, aër ſunt,
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              & aqua. </s>
              <s id="s.004453">Terram non eſſe perſpicuam, cla­
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              rum eſt: eadem vbi miſcetur, perſpicuitatem
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              impedit: cumque humidum exuritur: quia
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              terreum euadit, amittit etiam perſpicuita­
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              tem: igitur oleum cum perſpicuum ſit, in
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              lampade poſitum, opacum redditur ob fuli­
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              ginem, quæ illi propter ignem miſcetur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004454">Metallica omnia perfecta aqueæ ſunt, ac te­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg607"/>
                <lb/>
              nuis ſubſtantiæ: nam concreſcunt frigore, vt
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              dictum eſt, vbi de glacie egimus, & igne li­
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              quida euadunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004455">Liquidum autem eſſe, ſolius
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              aquæ inter elementa proprium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004456">Tenuita­
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              tis metallicæ ſubſtantiæ argumentum præ­
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              ter cætera hoc ſit, quòd ignibus conſumitur
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              euaneſcítque cum aqueo pars illa terrea:
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              tum quòd ex vna parte glebæ miſtæ ſupra
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              totam argumentum facimus. </s>
              <s id="s.004457">Nam ſi in li­
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              bris centum plumbi argenti vncia ſit, liceát­
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              que ex ſcrupulo argumentum ſumere ſupra
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              maſſam, vt faciunt artifices, neceſſe eſt ar­
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              genti vnciam centum libris plumbi immiſ­
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              ceri vndequaque: ergo milleſima ducenteſi­
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              ma pars ſcrupuli argenti etiam æqualiter
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              miſta erit. </s>
              <s id="s.004458">Hæc autem grani vnius pars
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg608"/>
                <lb/>
              quinquageſima eſt, igitur fieri non poteſt,
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              quin metallum tenuiſſimæ ſit ſubſtantiæ.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004459">Nec tamen huic experientiæ fidere ex toto
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              ſecurum eſt, cùm magna fuerit moles: ſed ſi
                <lb/>
              mediocris error, nulli damno eſſe poteſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004460">Neque tutum eſt experiri in precioſis, niſi
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              in maiore pondere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004461">
                <margin.target id="marg606"/>
              Nullum ve­
                <lb/>
              hementer co­
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              loratum per­
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              ſpicuum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004462">
                <margin.target id="marg607"/>
              Metalla om­
                <lb/>
              nia aqueæ
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiæ,
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              ac tenuis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004463">
                <margin.target id="marg608"/>
              Experimen­
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              tum metal­
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              lorum in mi­
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              nima parte
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              vt ſolet fieri
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              fallax eſt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004464">Eſt & tertium argumentum tenuitatis
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              metallorum, quòd auro grana duo ferri, aut
                <lb/>
              æris miſta, vt paulò plus quadrageſima par­
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              te ſint, adeò colorem, & duritiem mutant
                <lb/>
              illius, vt aliud propè eſſe dixeris. </s>
              <s id="s.004465">Nam pu­
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              rum aurum ſplendet non parùm, & fului co­
                <lb/>
              loris eſt, molle ac maximè tractabile: at mi­
                <lb/>
              ſta ferri parte vix quadrageſima, contumax
                <lb/>
              ſubnigrum, & ſplendore obteſo redditur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004466">Itaque ſi aquea ſunt omnia metalla, tenuia,
                <lb/>
              vel exuſta eſſe oportet, vel terræ mixta,
                <lb/>
              cùm non tranſluceant. </s>
              <s id="s.004467">Denſitas obſtare ne­
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              quit, cùm adamas, & cryſtallus denſa ſint,
                <lb/>
              & perſpicua. </s>
              <s id="s.004468">Si igitur nigræ amurcæ, opa­
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              cæque penitùs pauculam partem multæ
                <lb/>
              aquæ miſcueris, rubra aqua euadet, mane­
                <lb/>
              bitque perſpicua, non tamen adeò, vt antè
                <lb/>
              erat. </s>
              <s id="s.004469">Igitur cùm argentum nigrum per ſe ſit
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              quod tractantibus ex macula apparet, nam
                <lb/>
              candidum videtur ob ſoliditatem, vt etiam
                <lb/>
              ſpecula, quorum materia nigra eſt) ſi aqueo
                <lb/>
              humori miſceatur, non ſecùs ac olei amurca </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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