Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div175" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <pb o="96" file="0102" n="102" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div176" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head205" xml:space="preserve" style="it">38. In diuiſione, continuatione, & numero. 109 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5306" xml:space="preserve">IN diſtinctione prouenit error ex exceſſu ſitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5307" xml:space="preserve"> ſi enim magna fuerit corporis alicuius ſuper radi
              <lb/>
            os declinatio, & fuerint in eo puncta ſenſibilia nigra, uel ualde tenebroſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5308" xml:space="preserve"> putabũtur forſitã eſſe
              <lb/>
            foramina:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5309" xml:space="preserve"> & ita inter partes huic tenebricoſitati affines iudicabitur diuiſio, licet ibi ſit cõtinuita
              <lb/>
            tis unio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5310" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò in hoc corpore fuerint lineæ ſenſibiles tenebroſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5311" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabuntur contermin ales di-
              <lb/>
            uiſę, cũ ſint continuę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5312" xml:space="preserve"> Et ita error accidit ex corporis declinatione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5313" xml:space="preserve"> In cõtinuitate erit error ex ſitu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5314" xml:space="preserve"> ſi
              <lb/>
            opponatur uiſui plurium parietum diſpoſitio, quorum unus ſit ordinatim poſt aliũ, modicũ diſtans
              <lb/>
            ab eo, & omnes cadant ſuper eundem radium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5315" xml:space="preserve"> occultabitur forſitã uidenti ſpatium, quod inter eos
              <lb/>
            fuerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5316" xml:space="preserve"> unde putabuntur cõtinui, cum ſint diuiſi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5317" xml:space="preserve"> quod non accidet, ſitu parietũ immutato, utnon cõ
              <lb/>
            prehendantur ſub eodem radio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5318" xml:space="preserve"> Error inducitur in numero ex ſitu immoderato, quando corpus ali
              <lb/>
            quod uidetur duo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5319" xml:space="preserve"> & hoc accidit, cum reſpectu duorum uiſuum, corporis diuerſus fuerit ſitus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5320" xml:space="preserve"> Pari
              <lb/>
            modo & in corpore uno iudicatur pluralitas, cũ inter duos axes corpus uiſum ceciderit, ſicut ſuprà
              <lb/>
            patuit [11 n.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5321" xml:space="preserve">] Et eſt error in ſyllogiſmo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5322" xml:space="preserve"> præmittit enim uidens eſſe diuerſa corpora exterius uiſa, cũ
              <lb/>
            forma interius in diuerſa uiſus ceciderit loca:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5323" xml:space="preserve"> Inde diuerſitatem, ubi identitas eſt, concludit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5324" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div177" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head206" xml:space="preserve" style="it">39. In motu & quiete. 138 p 4</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5325" xml:space="preserve">IN motu oritur error ex ſitu, ut nauim currentẽ in flumine, aliquo inſpiciente, ſi fuerint in littore
              <lb/>
            fluminis arbores ab axe multùm elongatę, putabuntur moueri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5326" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi fiat directio axium ſuper eas,
              <lb/>
            uidebuntur immotæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5327" xml:space="preserve"> In quiete error ex ſitu ſe ingerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5328" xml:space="preserve"> uiſa re aliqua, ut rota, quæ motu citiſsimo
              <lb/>
            uoluatur ab axe elongata:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5329" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit immota.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5330" xml:space="preserve"> Et planum eſt per ſitum eſſe errorem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5331" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã ſitu mu-
              <lb/>
            tato percipietur eius motio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5332" xml:space="preserve"> unde error eſt ex ſitu ſolo intemperato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5333" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div178" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head207" xml:space="preserve" style="it">40. In aſperitate & lenitate. 141 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5334" xml:space="preserve">IN aſperitate ſitus errorem facit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5335" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim à capillis expreſsè depictis, fiat reflexio lucis, nec fuerit
              <lb/>
            uiſus in loco reflexionis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5336" xml:space="preserve"> fiet in eis comprehenſio aſperitatis, cum ſola ſit in eis læuitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5337" xml:space="preserve"> Et ex ſitu
              <lb/>
            ſolo eſt error:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5338" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam uiſu ſub luce reflexa fixo, non cõprehenditur aſperitas in corpore uiſo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5339" xml:space="preserve"> In
              <lb/>
            læuitate erit error exſitu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5340" xml:space="preserve"> cũ aliquid fuerit elongatum ab axe, & modica fuerit in eo aſperitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5341" xml:space="preserve"> appa-
              <lb/>
            rebit lęue:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5342" xml:space="preserve"> cuius quidẽ aſperitatẽ (ſitu ad temperantiam reducto) poſſet uidens comprehendere.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5343" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div179" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head208" xml:space="preserve" style="it">41. In raritate & denſitate. 144 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5344" xml:space="preserve">IN raritate & ſoliditate fiet error ex ſitus immoderamine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5345" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim deſcenderit lux declinata in ui
              <lb/>
            trũ uino plenum, & lateat uiſum tranſitus lucis per uitrũ, & magna ſit declinatio illius lucis à ra-
              <lb/>
            dijs incidentibus, & uidentem lateat uinum eſſe in uaſe uitreo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5346" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabitur à uidente uinum ſo-
              <lb/>
            lidum corpus unum cum uaſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5347" xml:space="preserve"> Et non accidit error iſte tranſitu luci per uas uitreum patente.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5348" xml:space="preserve"> Vn-
              <lb/>
            de error in ſitu ex raritate & ſoliditate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5349" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div180" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head209" xml:space="preserve" style="it">42. In umbra & tenebris. 147 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5350" xml:space="preserve">IN umbra & tenebris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5351" xml:space="preserve"> Corpore enim aliquo ab axe elongato, ſi fuerit in eo pars tenebroſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5352" xml:space="preserve"> putabi
              <lb/>
            tur fortaſsis umbra:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5353" xml:space="preserve"> & corpore aliquo circumpoſito:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5354" xml:space="preserve"> ęſtimabitur procedere ab illo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5355" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt in cor-
              <lb/>
            pore illo fuerit pars multum nigra:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5356" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabitur forſitan in loco nigredinis perforatio, per quam
              <lb/>
            egrediantur tenebrę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5357" xml:space="preserve"> Quod non accideret in corpore ſtatuto in ſitus temperantia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5358" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div181" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head210" xml:space="preserve" style="it">43. In pulchritudine & deformitate. 150 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5359" xml:space="preserve">IN ſpecie & deformitate aũt error accidit ex ſitu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5360" xml:space="preserve"> cum corpus aliquod remotum fuerit ab axe, &
              <lb/>
            fuerintin eo multæ minutæ maculæ, ipſum deturpantes:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5361" xml:space="preserve"> occultabuntur, & iudicabitur in corpo
              <lb/>
            re ſpecies.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5362" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde facies lentiginoſa in hoc ſitu uidetur ſpecioſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5363" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter in hoc ſitu obliquo latẽt
              <lb/>
            uidentẽ lunę adhęrentes maculæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5364" xml:space="preserve"> unde adſcribitur decor lunæ ſic inſpectæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5365" xml:space="preserve"> Si autẽ in corpore uiſo
              <lb/>
            fuerint picturę, ei ſpeciem reddentes, nec ſit corpus decorum, niſi ex prætentu earum, cum ipſæ in
              <lb/>
            hoc ſtatu lateant uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5366" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabitur corpus deforme.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5367" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt error in ſyllogiſmo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5368" xml:space="preserve"> quia per apparen-
              <lb/>
            tiam tantùm fiet deformitatis uel decoris concluſio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5369" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div182" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head211" xml:space="preserve" style="it">44. In ſimilitudine & dißimilitudine. 153 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5370" xml:space="preserve">IN ſimilitudine & diſsimilitudine ex ſitu error oritur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5371" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim longè ab axe ſtatuãtur duo cõcor-
              <lb/>
            dantia in figura, ſpecie & colore, ſed in eis ſint modicæ & diſsimiles notę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5372" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabitur in eis ſimi-
              <lb/>
            litudo omnimoda:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5373" xml:space="preserve"> cum notæ illæ uidenti ſint ignotę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5374" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt fuerit diuerſitas inter ea, in ſpecie, fi-
              <lb/>
            gura & colore, ſed in eis ſint notę ſimiles:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5375" xml:space="preserve"> putabuntur ex toto diſsimilia, cũ aliqua diſsimilitudo ſit
              <lb/>
            inter ea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5376" xml:space="preserve"> Et ita eſt error in ſimilitudine & diſsimilitudine, propter concluſionẽ ex apparentib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5377" xml:space="preserve"> tantũ
              <lb/>
            factam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5378" xml:space="preserve"> Et in omnib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5379" xml:space="preserve"> prædictis procreatur error ex ſolo ſitu intẽperato:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5380" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam eo intra tempera-
              <lb/>
            mentum ſito, alijs (ſicut ſunt) manentibus, non accidit erronea æſtimatio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5381" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div183" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head212" xml:space="preserve" style="it">45. Lux immoderata creat errores in ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus. In diſtantia. 16 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5382" xml:space="preserve">LVx à temperantiæ finibus egreditur, & ob hoc ſolùm in omnib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5383" xml:space="preserve"> quorum fit acquiſitio perſyl-
              <lb/>
            logiſmum, error procreatur in longitudine exlucis paruitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5384" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim in longitudine tẽpera-
              <lb/>
            ta non multũ certa, fiat hominũ diſpoſitio, utſit unus poſtaliũ, & uiſu huic diſpoſitioni de no-
              <lb/>
            cte adhibito:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5385" xml:space="preserve"> uidebuntur ſibi cohęrere, & incõprehenſa inter eos diſtantia, propter debilitatẽ lucis,
              <lb/>
            </s>
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