Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004519">
                <pb pagenum="455" xlink:href="016/01/104.jpg"/>
              ab aliquo continetur. </s>
              <s id="s.004520">Aquea autem ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia omne metallum conſtare docuimus, qua­
                <lb/>
              re terreum habet admixtum adeò tenue &
                <lb/>
              purum, vt contineatur: tale autem ſi vſtum
                <lb/>
              eſſet, malè oleret, & facilè vreretur: itaque
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              cùm neque facilè vratur, nec malè oleat, pu­
                <lb/>
              rum eſt illud terreum, & aduſtionis expers.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004521">Sunt igitur auro propria, benè olere, non fœ­
                <lb/>
              dare ignibus non conſumi, tenuiſſimum eſſe,
                <lb/>
              ac grauiſſimum, tum verò maximè lentum.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg618"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004522">
                <margin.target id="marg616"/>
              Aurum igna
                <lb/>
              bus minimè
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              cedit, & ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum pa­
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              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004523">
                <margin.target id="marg617"/>
              Auri priui­
                <lb/>
              legia omnia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004524">
                <margin.target id="marg618"/>
              Aurum au­
                <lb/>
              ro perfectius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004525">Eſt etiam aurum auro perfectius: quod in
                <lb/>
              omni non ſolùm mortalium, ſed immorta­
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              lium genere contingit: nec dico purius, ſed
                <lb/>
              perfectius: nam puriſſimum, quod ex India
                <lb/>
              aduehitur, melius eſt puriſſimo, quod alibi
                <lb/>
              inuentum fuerit, atque ideò noſtro vulgato
                <lb/>
              auro: latet tamen diſcrimen ob cuiuſcunque
                <arrow.to.target n="marg619"/>
                <lb/>
              auri excellentiam. </s>
              <s id="s.004526">Separatur aurum ab ar­
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              gento aqua ſeparationis: nam illa reliqua
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              metalla colliquat, auri grana in imum vaſis
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              deſcendunt, inde collecta liquantur. </s>
              <s id="s.004527">Modus
                <lb/>
              alius: Liquatur maſſa ex auro, & argento,
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              & poſtquam liquata fuerit, additur ſtibium,
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              aut ſulphur, & æris pars vigeſimaquarta: in­
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              de abſumpto ſulphure concutitur vaſculum
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              ter aut quater, aurum deſcendit in imum
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              ob grauitatem, quod tamen nondum liqua­
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              tum eſt, inde eſtuſo argento aurum collides.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004528">Liquatur autem argentum facilius, quia mi­
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              nùs denſum: eſt enim auro longè leuius.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg620"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004529">
                <margin.target id="marg619"/>
              Ratio ſepa­
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              randi aurum
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              ab aliis me­
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              tallis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004530">
                <margin.target id="marg620"/>
              Auri pur­
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              gandi ratio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004531">Purgatur etiam aurum à ſordibus hac ra­
                <lb/>
              tione: tuſum, & in lata ac tenuia folia reda­
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              ctum, mergitur in vrina vel aceto, in quo
                <lb/>
              ſal Ammoniacum diſſolutum fuerit: pòſt va­
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              ſi imponitur puluis è tribus laterculorum
                <lb/>
              partibus, atque vna ſalis tenuiſſimus, ſuper­
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              ponitur folium auri, auro rurſus puluis, at­
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              que alternatim eadem ratione, donec vas
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              impleatur, inde horis 24. igne ſuppoſito om­
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              nia abſumuntur, aurum liquatur, argentum
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              ſi adſit, ſeruatur inter cineres: cum ignem
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              ſupponi dixi, vt etiam circumponatur intel­
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              ligo, nam ſi ſolùm ſupponatur vaſi, ægrè diſ­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg621"/>
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              ſoluetur, aut vix. </s>
              <s id="s.004532">Eſt aurum perfectio metal­
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              lorum, atque conatus, argentum autem illi
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              proximum: vtrumque igitur in metallo om­
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              ni ſolet latêre: dico in plumbo argentum, in
                <lb/>
              ære aurum, ſed in argento aurum: nam ar­
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              genti optima pars eſt aurum ipſum. </s>
              <s id="s.004533">Itaque
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              repurgatum aurum eſt res puriſſima, aquea
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              ſubſtantia tenui atque denſata, terreæ parti
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              ſynceriſſimæ admiſta, frigore coacta abſ­
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              que pinguedine, vnde liqueſcit, nec exuritur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004534">
                <margin.target id="marg621"/>
              Aurum &
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              argentum
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              omnibus me­
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              tallicis con­
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              tinetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004535">An igitur ex argento viuo, vel alio me­
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              tallo, quod à principio dubitatum eſt, aurum
                <lb/>
              conficere liceat, nunc demonſtrare tentan­
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              dum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004536">Sed prius illud videndum, ex qui­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg622"/>
                <lb/>
              buſnam metalla componantur. </s>
              <s id="s.004537">Exiſtimarunt
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              multi, ob odorem ac ſubſtantiam ex ſulphu­
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              re, & argento viuo ea conſtare: cùm enim
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              vruntur, ſulphur olent, præcipuè æs: & ma­
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              teria eorum perſimilis eſt argento viuo, nam
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              colore plumbum, & argentum æmulatur,
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              pondere plumbum nigrum, & aurum. </s>
              <s id="s.004538">Sed
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              ex duobus, quæ iam exiſtunt, tertium fieri
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              non poteſt, non igitur ex ſulphure, & ar­
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              gento viuo metalla conſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.004539">In locis etiam
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              in quibus metalla inueniuntur, neque argen­
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              tum viuum eſt, neque ſulphur: & vbi ſul­
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              phur, ſqualentes montes: vbi argentum,
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              virides ac læti, vt non eodem in loco ambo
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              oriantur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004540">
                <margin.target id="marg622"/>
              Metalla ex
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              quibus con­
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              ſtent.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004541">Quòd tamen permutari metalla poſſint,
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              multis viſum eſt ob experimentum æris iam
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              ſuperiùs adductum. </s>
              <s id="s.004542">Videntur etiam permu­
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              tare colorem, & pondus ob ignem, quare &
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              ſubſtantiam veriſimile eſt poſſe permutare.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004543">Cumque herbarum ſpecies quædam inui­
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              cem viciſſim permutentur, haud mirum vi­
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              deri debet metalla permutari poſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.004544">Verùm
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              non ita res ſe habet: nam aut nulla, aut non
                <lb/>
              omnia poſſunt inuicem permutari. </s>
              <s id="s.004545">Ferrum
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              enim, & æs cùm ambo pondere, & tenuitate
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              ſimilia exiſtant, nullúmque eorum ignibus
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              reſiſtat, ſi colorem mutent, & puritiem, ex
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              altero in alterum poſſunt traduci, aut verè,
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              aut ſaltem abſque manifeſto diſcrimine. </s>
              <s id="s.004546">Re­
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              liquorum metallorum nullum in aurum, aut
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              argentum mutari poteſt: ſolum illud dubium
                <lb/>
              eſt, an argentum in aurum poſſit mutari:
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              quod fieri poſſe exiſtimo: nam argento, vt
                <lb/>
              aurum fiat, deſunt denſitas, ob quam pon­
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              deroſius fieri oportet, & color: at hæc me­
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              tallo addi poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004547">Si denſius reddatur ar­
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              gentum, pinguedo abolebitur, & ignibus
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              melius reſiſtet, atque
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt duxi) pondus acqui­
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              ret. </s>
              <s id="s.004548">Itaque cùm ex amicis noſtris quidam
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              hoc feciſſe nuper glorientur, duorum alte­
                <lb/>
              rum eſt neceſſarium, vel vt in argento actu
                <lb/>
              aurum contineatur, aut poteſtate. </s>
              <s id="s.004549">Quòd ſi
                <lb/>
              poteſtate, ab ignibus generatio fiet: oſten­
                <lb/>
              ſum eſt autem ignem nihil generare. </s>
              <s id="s.004550">Si ve­
                <lb/>
              rò actu, cur aqua ſeparationis vniuerſum
                <lb/>
              colliquatur, cùm conſtent in ea aurum non
                <lb/>
              diſſolui? </s>
              <s id="s.004551">Neutro igitur modo ineſſe poteſt,
                <lb/>
              ſed exigua pars actu, quæ dum ſeparari ne­
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              quit, ab aqua ſuperatur, & colliquatur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004552">Hoc igitur ab ignibus euicto argento ſepa­
                <lb/>
              ratur, quoniam ad perfectionem prius ali­
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              quid deerat. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004553">
                <expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan>
              quod ad alia attinet metalla, tranſ­
                <lb/>
              mutari nequeunt in aurum, neque argentum
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan>
              metalla illa iam exuſta
                <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>
              : & quod
                <expan abbr="exuſtũ">exuſtum</expan>
                <lb/>
              eſt, non poteſt amplius redire ad
                <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan>
              pu­
                <lb/>
              ritatem. </s>
              <s id="s.004554">Perfectorum etiam in ſpecie ac na­
                <lb/>
              tura differentium nulla eſt commutatio: at
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              aurum perfectum eſt, & ſpecie differt ab
                <lb/>
              aliis metallis, cùm ignibus ex toto reſiſtat,
                <lb/>
              cùm nullum aliud (vt dixi) metallum ab igne
                <lb/>
              non corrumpatur, argento excepto. </s>
              <s id="s.004555">Rurſus
                <lb/>
              aurum tenuiſſimum eſt, ac longè tenuius
                <lb/>
              omnibus aliis metallis: argentum nunc
                <lb/>
              prætermitto: ignis verò vel non ſeparando
                <lb/>
              condenſat, aut ſeparando attenuat: quorum
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              neutrum ad auri generationem conducit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004556">Eſt etiam ignibus ( vt dixi) aurum non
                <lb/>
              obnoxium, quòd pinguedine careat: at ſe­
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              parare pinguedinem cùm in qualibet parte
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              metalli ſit, non opus eſt ignis: nam ab igne
                <lb/>
              vritur, & cum ea ſubſtantia tota metalli.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004557">Metallum enim omne pingue eſt, ſolo auro
                <lb/>
              excepto: hoc enim ſuperius iam diximus ſub
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg623"/>
                <lb/>
              aliis verbis & obſcurius: nam omne etiam
                <lb/>
              metallum præter aurum fœdat tractantes, &
                <lb/>
              ignibus abſumitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004558">
                <margin.target id="marg623"/>
              Metalla
                <lb/>
              omnia pin­
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              guia eſſe,
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              præter au­
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              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004559">Fiunt autem metalla ex eadem materia,
                <lb/>
              ex qua ſulphur & argentum viuum: ſed
                <lb/>
              ſulphur ex tenuiore parte fit, atque aduri-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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