Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004519">
                <pb pagenum="455" xlink:href="016/01/104.jpg"/>
              ab aliquo continetur. </s>
              <s id="s.004520">Aquea autem ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia omne metallum conſtare docuimus, qua­
                <lb/>
              re terreum habet admixtum adeò tenue &
                <lb/>
              purum, vt contineatur: tale autem ſi vſtum
                <lb/>
              eſſet, malè oleret, & facilè vreretur: itaque
                <lb/>
              cùm neque facilè vratur, nec malè oleat, pu­
                <lb/>
              rum eſt illud terreum, & aduſtionis expers.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004521">Sunt igitur auro propria, benè olere, non fœ­
                <lb/>
              dare ignibus non conſumi, tenuiſſimum eſſe,
                <lb/>
              ac grauiſſimum, tum verò maximè lentum.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg618"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004522">
                <margin.target id="marg616"/>
              Aurum igna
                <lb/>
              bus minimè
                <lb/>
              cedit, & ar­
                <lb/>
              gentum pa­
                <lb/>
              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004523">
                <margin.target id="marg617"/>
              Auri priui­
                <lb/>
              legia omnia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004524">
                <margin.target id="marg618"/>
              Aurum au­
                <lb/>
              ro perfectius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004525">Eſt etiam aurum auro perfectius: quod in
                <lb/>
              omni non ſolùm mortalium, ſed immorta­
                <lb/>
              lium genere contingit: nec dico purius, ſed
                <lb/>
              perfectius: nam puriſſimum, quod ex India
                <lb/>
              aduehitur, melius eſt puriſſimo, quod alibi
                <lb/>
              inuentum fuerit, atque ideò noſtro vulgato
                <lb/>
              auro: latet tamen diſcrimen ob cuiuſcunque
                <arrow.to.target n="marg619"/>
                <lb/>
              auri excellentiam. </s>
              <s id="s.004526">Separatur aurum ab ar­
                <lb/>
              gento aqua ſeparationis: nam illa reliqua
                <lb/>
              metalla colliquat, auri grana in imum vaſis
                <lb/>
              deſcendunt, inde collecta liquantur. </s>
              <s id="s.004527">Modus
                <lb/>
              alius: Liquatur maſſa ex auro, & argento,
                <lb/>
              & poſtquam liquata fuerit, additur ſtibium,
                <lb/>
              aut ſulphur, & æris pars vigeſimaquarta: in­
                <lb/>
              de abſumpto ſulphure concutitur vaſculum
                <lb/>
              ter aut quater, aurum deſcendit in imum
                <lb/>
              ob grauitatem, quod tamen nondum liqua­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt, inde eſtuſo argento aurum collides.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004528">Liquatur autem argentum facilius, quia mi­
                <lb/>
              nùs denſum: eſt enim auro longè leuius.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg620"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004529">
                <margin.target id="marg619"/>
              Ratio ſepa­
                <lb/>
              randi aurum
                <lb/>
              ab aliis me­
                <lb/>
              tallis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004530">
                <margin.target id="marg620"/>
              Auri pur­
                <lb/>
              gandi ratio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004531">Purgatur etiam aurum à ſordibus hac ra­
                <lb/>
              tione: tuſum, & in lata ac tenuia folia reda­
                <lb/>
              ctum, mergitur in vrina vel aceto, in quo
                <lb/>
              ſal Ammoniacum diſſolutum fuerit: pòſt va­
                <lb/>
              ſi imponitur puluis è tribus laterculorum
                <lb/>
              partibus, atque vna ſalis tenuiſſimus, ſuper­
                <lb/>
              ponitur folium auri, auro rurſus puluis, at­
                <lb/>
              que alternatim eadem ratione, donec vas
                <lb/>
              impleatur, inde horis 24. igne ſuppoſito om­
                <lb/>
              nia abſumuntur, aurum liquatur, argentum
                <lb/>
              ſi adſit, ſeruatur inter cineres: cum ignem
                <lb/>
              ſupponi dixi, vt etiam circumponatur intel­
                <lb/>
              ligo, nam ſi ſolùm ſupponatur vaſi, ægrè diſ­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg621"/>
                <lb/>
              ſoluetur, aut vix. </s>
              <s id="s.004532">Eſt aurum perfectio metal­
                <lb/>
              lorum, atque conatus, argentum autem illi
                <lb/>
              proximum: vtrumque igitur in metallo om­
                <lb/>
              ni ſolet latêre: dico in plumbo argentum, in
                <lb/>
              ære aurum, ſed in argento aurum: nam ar­
                <lb/>
              genti optima pars eſt aurum ipſum. </s>
              <s id="s.004533">Itaque
                <lb/>
              repurgatum aurum eſt res puriſſima, aquea
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantia tenui atque denſata, terreæ parti
                <lb/>
              ſynceriſſimæ admiſta, frigore coacta abſ­
                <lb/>
              que pinguedine, vnde liqueſcit, nec exuritur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004534">
                <margin.target id="marg621"/>
              Aurum &
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              argentum
                <lb/>
              omnibus me­
                <lb/>
              tallicis con­
                <lb/>
              tinetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004535">An igitur ex argento viuo, vel alio me­
                <lb/>
              tallo, quod à principio dubitatum eſt, aurum
                <lb/>
              conficere liceat, nunc demonſtrare tentan­
                <lb/>
              dum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004536">Sed prius illud videndum, ex qui­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg622"/>
                <lb/>
              buſnam metalla componantur. </s>
              <s id="s.004537">Exiſtimarunt
                <lb/>
              multi, ob odorem ac ſubſtantiam ex ſulphu­
                <lb/>
              re, & argento viuo ea conſtare: cùm enim
                <lb/>
              vruntur, ſulphur olent, præcipuè æs: & ma­
                <lb/>
              teria eorum perſimilis eſt argento viuo, nam
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              colore plumbum, & argentum æmulatur,
                <lb/>
              pondere plumbum nigrum, & aurum. </s>
              <s id="s.004538">Sed
                <lb/>
              ex duobus, quæ iam exiſtunt, tertium fieri
                <lb/>
              non poteſt, non igitur ex ſulphure, & ar­
                <lb/>
              gento viuo metalla conſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.004539">In locis etiam
                <lb/>
              in quibus metalla inueniuntur, neque argen­
                <lb/>
              tum viuum eſt, neque ſulphur: & vbi ſul­
                <lb/>
              phur, ſqualentes montes: vbi argentum,
                <lb/>
              virides ac læti, vt non eodem in loco ambo
                <lb/>
              oriantur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004540">
                <margin.target id="marg622"/>
              Metalla ex
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              quibus con­
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              ſtent.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004541">Quòd tamen permutari metalla poſſint,
                <lb/>
              multis viſum eſt ob experimentum æris iam
                <lb/>
              ſuperiùs adductum. </s>
              <s id="s.004542">Videntur etiam permu­
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              tare colorem, & pondus ob ignem, quare &
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantiam veriſimile eſt poſſe permutare.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004543">Cumque herbarum ſpecies quædam inui­
                <lb/>
              cem viciſſim permutentur, haud mirum vi­
                <lb/>
              deri debet metalla permutari poſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.004544">Verùm
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              non ita res ſe habet: nam aut nulla, aut non
                <lb/>
              omnia poſſunt inuicem permutari. </s>
              <s id="s.004545">Ferrum
                <lb/>
              enim, & æs cùm ambo pondere, & tenuitate
                <lb/>
              ſimilia exiſtant, nullúmque eorum ignibus
                <lb/>
              reſiſtat, ſi colorem mutent, & puritiem, ex
                <lb/>
              altero in alterum poſſunt traduci, aut verè,
                <lb/>
              aut ſaltem abſque manifeſto diſcrimine. </s>
              <s id="s.004546">Re­
                <lb/>
              liquorum metallorum nullum in aurum, aut
                <lb/>
              argentum mutari poteſt: ſolum illud dubium
                <lb/>
              eſt, an argentum in aurum poſſit mutari:
                <lb/>
              quod fieri poſſe exiſtimo: nam argento, vt
                <lb/>
              aurum fiat, deſunt denſitas, ob quam pon­
                <lb/>
              deroſius fieri oportet, & color: at hæc me­
                <lb/>
              tallo addi poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004547">Si denſius reddatur ar­
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              gentum, pinguedo abolebitur, & ignibus
                <lb/>
              melius reſiſtet, atque
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt duxi) pondus acqui­
                <lb/>
              ret. </s>
              <s id="s.004548">Itaque cùm ex amicis noſtris quidam
                <lb/>
              hoc feciſſe nuper glorientur, duorum alte­
                <lb/>
              rum eſt neceſſarium, vel vt in argento actu
                <lb/>
              aurum contineatur, aut poteſtate. </s>
              <s id="s.004549">Quòd ſi
                <lb/>
              poteſtate, ab ignibus generatio fiet: oſten­
                <lb/>
              ſum eſt autem ignem nihil generare. </s>
              <s id="s.004550">Si ve­
                <lb/>
              rò actu, cur aqua ſeparationis vniuerſum
                <lb/>
              colliquatur, cùm conſtent in ea aurum non
                <lb/>
              diſſolui? </s>
              <s id="s.004551">Neutro igitur modo ineſſe poteſt,
                <lb/>
              ſed exigua pars actu, quæ dum ſeparari ne­
                <lb/>
              quit, ab aqua ſuperatur, & colliquatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004552">Hoc igitur ab ignibus euicto argento ſepa­
                <lb/>
              ratur, quoniam ad perfectionem prius ali­
                <lb/>
              quid deerat. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004553">
                <expan abbr="Cæterũ">Cæterum</expan>
              quod ad alia attinet metalla, tranſ­
                <lb/>
              mutari nequeunt in aurum, neque argentum
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan>
              metalla illa iam exuſta
                <expan abbr="sũt">sunt</expan>
              : & quod
                <expan abbr="exuſtũ">exuſtum</expan>
                <lb/>
              eſt, non poteſt amplius redire ad
                <expan abbr="priſtinã">priſtinam</expan>
              pu­
                <lb/>
              ritatem. </s>
              <s id="s.004554">Perfectorum etiam in ſpecie ac na­
                <lb/>
              tura differentium nulla eſt commutatio: at
                <lb/>
              aurum perfectum eſt, & ſpecie differt ab
                <lb/>
              aliis metallis, cùm ignibus ex toto reſiſtat,
                <lb/>
              cùm nullum aliud (vt dixi) metallum ab igne
                <lb/>
              non corrumpatur, argento excepto. </s>
              <s id="s.004555">Rurſus
                <lb/>
              aurum tenuiſſimum eſt, ac longè tenuius
                <lb/>
              omnibus aliis metallis: argentum nunc
                <lb/>
              prætermitto: ignis verò vel non ſeparando
                <lb/>
              condenſat, aut ſeparando attenuat: quorum
                <lb/>
              neutrum ad auri generationem conducit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004556">Eſt etiam ignibus ( vt dixi) aurum non
                <lb/>
              obnoxium, quòd pinguedine careat: at ſe­
                <lb/>
              parare pinguedinem cùm in qualibet parte
                <lb/>
              metalli ſit, non opus eſt ignis: nam ab igne
                <lb/>
              vritur, & cum ea ſubſtantia tota metalli.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004557">Metallum enim omne pingue eſt, ſolo auro
                <lb/>
              excepto: hoc enim ſuperius iam diximus ſub
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg623"/>
                <lb/>
              aliis verbis & obſcurius: nam omne etiam
                <lb/>
              metallum præter aurum fœdat tractantes, &
                <lb/>
              ignibus abſumitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004558">
                <margin.target id="marg623"/>
              Metalla
                <lb/>
              omnia pin­
                <lb/>
              guia eſſe,
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              præter au­
                <lb/>
              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004559">Fiunt autem metalla ex eadem materia,
                <lb/>
              ex qua ſulphur & argentum viuum: ſed
                <lb/>
              ſulphur ex tenuiore parte fit, atque aduri-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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