Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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            <pb xlink:href="003/01/106.jpg" pagenum="88"/>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. V.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of thoſe Parts of the Fortreſs where the Soldiers are to ſtand either to keep
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              centinel, or to fight. </s>
              <s>Of the Covering or Roof of the Fortreſs, and in what
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              Manner it is to be made ſtrong, and of the other Conveniencies neceſſary in the
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              Caſtle, either of a King or a Tyrant.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The Place where the Soldiers are to ſtand
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              to keep centinel, and to defend the
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              Wall, ſhould be ſo laid out, that ſome may
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              guard the lower Parts of the Fortreſs, others
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              the upper, thus being all diſtributed into vari­
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              ous Poſts and Employments. </s>
              <s>In a Word, the
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              Entrance in, and Paſſage out, and every ſepa­
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              rate Part ſhould be ſo contrived and ſecured,
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              that it may be expoſed neither to the Treach­
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              ery of Friends, nor the Force or Fraud of Ene­
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              mies. </s>
              <s>The Roofs in a Fortreſs ſhould be built
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              with an acute Angle, and very ſtrong, that
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              they may not eaſily be demoliſhed by the
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              Weight of what is thrown from the military
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              Engines; the Rafters in them muſt ſtand very
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              cloſe together, and a Covering over them, and
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              then lay the Gutters for carrying off the Rain,
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              but entirely without Lime or Mortar. </s>
              <s>Then
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              make a Covering over the Whole of Pieces of
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              Tile, or rather of Pumice-ſtones, to the Heighth
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              of three Foot: Thus it will neither be in
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              Danger from any Weight falling upon it, nor
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              from Fire. </s>
              <s>In ſhort, a Fortreſs is to be built
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              like a little Town: It ſhould be fortified with
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              the ſame Care and Art, and if poſſible, pro­
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              vided with all the Conveniencies that a Town
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              ſhould be. </s>
              <s>It muſt not want Water, nor ſuf­
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              ficient room for lodging the Soldiers, and laying
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              up Stores of Arms, Corn, Salted-meat, Vine­
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              gar, and particularly Wood. </s>
              <s>And within this
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              Fortreſs too, that which we called the princi­
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              pal Tower, ought to be a little Fortreſs within
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              itſelf, and ſhould want none of the Conveni­
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              encies required in a great one. </s>
              <s>It ſhould have
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              its own Ciſterns, and Store-rooms for all Pro­
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              viſions neceſſary, either for its Maintenance or
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              Defence. </s>
              <s>It ſhould have Paſſages, by which
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              it may upon Occaſion attack even its own
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              Friends, and for the Admiſſion of Succours. </s>
              <s>I
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              will not omit one Circumſtance, which is, that
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              Caſtles have ſometimes been defended by
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              Means of their private Paſſages for Water, and
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              Towns taken by Means of their Drains. </s>
              <s>Both
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              theſe may be of Uſe for ſending out private
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              Meſſengers. </s>
              <s>But you ſhould be ſure to con­
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              trive them ſo, that they may do you more Ser­
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              vice than Prejudice. </s>
              <s>Let them therefore be
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              made but juſt big enough; let them run wind­
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              ing ſeveral Ways, and let them end in ſome
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              very deep Place, that there may not be room
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              enough for a Man with his Arms, and that
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              even one unarmed may not get into the Caſtle
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              without being permitted or called. </s>
              <s>The
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              Mouths of them may end very conveniently
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              in ſome common Drain, or rather in ſome un­
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              known deſart Place, or in a private Chapel, or
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              a Tomb in ſome Church. </s>
              <s>We ſhould like­
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              wiſe never be unprovided againſt human Acci­
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              dents and Calamities; and therefore it will be
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              very proper to have ſome Paſſage into the very
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              Heart of the Fortreſs, known to nobody but
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              yourſelf; by which if you ſhould ever happen
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              to be ſhut out, you may immediately get in
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              with an armed Force: And perhaps one good
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              Way to do this may be to have ſome very pri­
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              vate Part of the Wall built only of Earth or
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              Chalk, and not of Stone and Mortar. </s>
              <s>Thus
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              much may ſuffice for what is neceſſary to be
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              done for a ſingle Perſon that is poſſeſſed of the
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              Government, whether King or Tyrant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. VI.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of the ſeveral Parts of which the Republick conſiſts. </s>
              <s>The proper Situation and
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              Building for the Houſes of thoſe that govern the Republick, and of the Prieſts.
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              </s>
              <s>Of Temples, as well large as ſmall, Chapels and Oratories.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>We are now to treat of thoſe Things
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              which are proper to ſuch as are at the
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              Head not of a Monarchy but of a Common­
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              wealth; and here the Power is lodged either
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              in the Hands of ſome one ſingle Magiſtrate,
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              or elſe is divided among a certain Number. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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