Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

Table of contents

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[101.] 51. Motus uiſibilis percipitur in tempore ſenſili.
[102.] 52. Quies percipitur è uiſibili, eundem ſitum locum́ tempore ſenſili occupante. 112 p 4.
[103.] 53. Aſperitas percipitur è luce aſper am ſuperficiem illuminante. 139 p 4.
[104.] 54. Lenit as percipitur è luce lenem ſuperficiem illuminante. 140 p 4.
[105.] 55. Perſpicuit{as} percipitur è perceptione corporis denſi ultra corp{us} perſpicuum poſiti. 142 p 4.
[106.] 56. Denſitas percipitur è perſpicuitatis priuatione. 143 p 4.
[107.] 57. Vmbra percipitur è lucis unius abſentia, alterius præſentia. 145 p 4.
[108.] 58. Obſcurit{as} percipitur è lucis priuatione & abſentia. 146 p 4.
[109.] 59. Pulchritudo percipitur tum è ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus, tum è pluribus ſimul coniun ctis, ſymmetris inter ſe. 148 p 4.
[110.] 60. Deformitas percipitur tum è ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus, tum è pluribus ſimul coniun-ctis, aſymmetris inter ſe. 149 p 4.
[111.] 61. Similitudo percipitur è uiſibilium inter ſe conuenientia. 151 p 4.
[112.] 62. Dißimilitudo percipitur è priuatione ſimilitudinis & conuenientiæ uiſibilium inter ſe. 152 p 4.
[113.] DE DIVERSITATE COMPREHENSIONIS VISVS AB intentionibus particularibus. Cap. III. 63. Viſus plures uiſibiles ſpecies ſimul percipit. 2 p 4.
[114.] 64. Viſio fit aſpectu, aut obtutu. 51 p 3.
[115.] 65. Viſio per aſpectum, fit per quemlibet pyramidis opticæ radium: per obtutum uerò fit per ſolum axem. 52 p 3.
[116.] 66. Obtut{us} iteratio alti{us} imprimit formas uiſibiles animo, certiores́ efficit. 58 p 3.
[117.] 67. E uiſibili ſæpi{us} uiſo remanet in animo generalis notio: qua quodlibet uiſibile ſimile per cipitur & cognoſcitur. 61 p 3. Idem 14 n.
[118.] 68. Eſſentia uiſibilis percipitur è ſpecieb{us} uifibilib{us}, beneficio formæ in animo reſiden-tis. 66 p 3.
[119.] 69. Diſtinctauiſio fit aut obtutu ſolo: aut obtutu & anticipata notione ſimul. 62 p 3.
[120.] 70. Obtut{us} fit in tempore. 56 p 3.
[121.] 71. Viſibile obtutu & antegreſſa cognitione ſimul, minore tempore percipitur, quàm ſolo ob-tutu. 64 p 3.
[122.] 72. Generales uiſibilis ſpecies citi{us} percipiuntur ſingularib{us}. 71 p 3.
[123.] 73. E uiſibilib{us} communib{us} alia alijs citi{us} percipiuntur. 72 p 3.
[124.] 74. Temp{us} obtut{us} pro ſpecierum uiſibilium uarietate uariat. 56 p 3.
[125.] 75. Viſio per anticipatam notionem & breuem obtutum, eſt incerta. 65 p 3.
[126.] 76. Vera uiſibilis forma percipitur obtutu: accurata conſideratione: & dilig enti omnium uiſibilium ſpecierum diſtinctione. 57 p 3.
[127.] ALHAZEN FILII ALHAYZEN OPTICAE LIBER TERTIVS.
[128.] PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. 1. 1. Viſ{us} in perceptione uiſibilium aliquando allucinatur. 1 p 4.
[129.] DE IIS QVAE DEBENT PRAEPONI SERMONI in deceptionibus uiſus. Cap. II. 2. Axes pyramidum opticarum utriuſ uiſ{us} per centrum foraminis uueæ tranſeuntes, in uno uiſibilis puncto ſemper concurrunt: & ſunt perpendiculares ſuperficiei uiſ{us}. 32. 35 p 3.
[130.] 3. Sit{us} uiſibilis erga utrun uiſum eſt plerun ſit{us} ſimilis. Ita axes pyramidum optica-rum & lineæ ab utro uiſu ductæ ad cõcurſum duorum axιum, factũ in recta linea adutrun axem perpendiculari, ſunt æquales. 40. 42 p 3.
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div205" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5745" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="101" file="0107" n="107" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER III."/>
            prehenditur motus in corpore, niſi in tempore ſenſibili.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5746" xml:space="preserve"> Similis error accidit in rota modica:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5747" xml:space="preserve"> cum
              <lb/>
            citiſsimè uoluitur, apparet immota:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5748" xml:space="preserve"> cum non poſsit fieri comprehenſio reuolutionis eius in tempo
              <lb/>
            re tam paruo, quàm paruum eſt, in quo fit una eius reuolutio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5749" xml:space="preserve"> Idem error accidit in trocho.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5750" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde er
              <lb/>
            ror in quiete:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5751" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam non poteſt diſcerni mutatio ſitus partium trochi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5752" xml:space="preserve"> quare nec motus eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5753" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi
              <lb/>
            unius coloris fuerit trochus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5754" xml:space="preserve"> palàm, quòd non comprehenditur motus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5755" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò plurium & diuerſo-
              <lb/>
            rum colorum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5756" xml:space="preserve"> nec ſic etiam apparebit motus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5757" xml:space="preserve"> cum lateat colorum diuerſitas, & prætendatur ex ni-
              <lb/>
            mia feſtinatione, confuſa quædam colorum unitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5758" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div206" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head235" xml:space="preserve" style="it">68. In aſperitate: lenitate: raritate: denſitate: umbra: tenebris: pulchritudine: deformitate:
            <lb/>
          ſimilitudine: dißimilitudine. 141. 144. 147. 150. 153 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5759" xml:space="preserve">IN aſperitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5760" xml:space="preserve"> Cum enim ſubitò uidetur aſperum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5761" xml:space="preserve"> putabitur forſitan læue:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5762" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi hoc modo uidea-
              <lb/>
            tur, non poterit in eo diſcerni læuitas aut aſperitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5763" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde dubitatio & error.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5764" xml:space="preserve"> In raritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5765" xml:space="preserve"> Luce e-
              <lb/>
            nim declinata ſuper corpus remiſsè rarũ deſcendente, ſubitò uiſum, cũ non percipiatur declina-
              <lb/>
            tio lucis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5766" xml:space="preserve"> putabitur forſitan, quod in fine raritatis ſit apparẽs raritas corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5767" xml:space="preserve"> Quòd ſi in tẽpore pau
              <lb/>
            lo maiore adhibeatur uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5768" xml:space="preserve"> percipietur declinatio cauſſa apparentiæ raritatis remiſſę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5769" xml:space="preserve"> In ſoliditate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5770" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Si quis enim inſtanter uideat corpus rarũ, & poſt ipſum nõ diſcernat lucis tranſitũ, putabit illud eſ-
              <lb/>
            ſe ſolidũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5771" xml:space="preserve"> In umbra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5772" xml:space="preserve"> Si in albo pariete ſint partes ſubnigrę, deſcendẽte ſuper ipſum ignis luce, ſubitò
              <lb/>
            uiſæ putabuntur eſſe umbræ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5773" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò nigredo earum uiſa fuerit intenſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5774" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabuntur foramma te-
              <lb/>
            nebris plena.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5775" xml:space="preserve"> In ſpecie & deformitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5776" xml:space="preserve"> Quia in tã paruo tẽpore non ſunt cõprehenſibiles minutę de-
              <lb/>
            coris & deformitatis cauſſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5777" xml:space="preserve"> ſicut accidit cũ aliquis inſpiciens per foramen intuetur faciem, iudicat
              <lb/>
            aliquando fœdam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5778" xml:space="preserve"> formoſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5779" xml:space="preserve"> uel econtrariò.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5780" xml:space="preserve"> Et idẽ error accidit mota re uiſa, oculo immoto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5781" xml:space="preserve"> In ſi-
              <lb/>
            militudine & diſsimilitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5782" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniam latent particulares ſimilitudinis & diſsimilitudinis cauſſę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5783" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et in his omnibus ex ſolo tempore non moderato accidit error:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5784" xml:space="preserve"> cum in prædictis nullus accideret,
              <lb/>
            eo ad temperantiam reducto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5785" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div207" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head236" xml:space="preserve" style="it">69. Imbecillit{as} uiſus creat errores in ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus. In diſtantia: ſitu: magni-
            <lb/>
          tudine: figura: diuiſione: continuatione: numero. 16. 44. 28. 97. 109 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5786" xml:space="preserve">VIſus debilitas & immoderatio errorẽ inuehit ſingulis per ſyllo giſmũ in uiſu comprehẽſis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5787" xml:space="preserve"> In
              <lb/>
            lõgitudine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5788" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim opponãtur uiſui duo corpora, quorum unũ ſit coloris fortis, & remotius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5789" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            aliud coloris debilis, & oculo propinquius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5790" xml:space="preserve"> cũ nõ fiat cõprehenſio longirudinis, niſi facta col
              <lb/>
            latione ad aliqua corpora interiecta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5791" xml:space="preserve"> [per 25.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5792" xml:space="preserve"> 39 n 2] faciet incertã collationẽ debilitas uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5793" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia
              <lb/>
            certum eſt homini, quòd ex locis propin quiorib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5794" xml:space="preserve"> certior fit fides uiſui, ꝗ̃ ex remotiorib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5795" xml:space="preserve"> concludit il-
              <lb/>
            lud, quod apparet ei certius ex his corporib eſſe propinquius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5796" xml:space="preserve"> Et planum, quòd uiſui debili certior
              <lb/>
            fit fides coloris fortis, quàm debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5797" xml:space="preserve"> licet paulò plus elon gati.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5798" xml:space="preserve"> Idem error accidit etiã in tẽperantia
              <lb/>
            uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5799" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã à longitudine magna propinquius iudicatur corpus, cuius color fortis, quã cuius co-
              <lb/>
            lor debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5800" xml:space="preserve"> licet nõ ſit multò remotius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5801" xml:space="preserve"> In ſitu errat uiſus debilitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5802" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim ab aliquãta longitudine,
              <lb/>
            licet temperata declinetur corpus, & ſit modica declinatio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5803" xml:space="preserve"> ignorabitur, cũ plenè comprehenditur
              <lb/>
            lõgitudo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5804" xml:space="preserve"> Et incertitudo longitudinis quãtitatis, errorẽ etiã ſitus ingerit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5805" xml:space="preserve"> In figura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5806" xml:space="preserve"> Quia gibbus mo
              <lb/>
            dicus, & multiplex angulus latent debilitatẽ uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5807" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi in corpore linea nigra fuerit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5808" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabitur di
              <lb/>
            uiſio uel fiſſura:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5809" xml:space="preserve"> & æſtimabuntur corpora contigua, unũ continuum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5810" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in diuiſione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5811" xml:space="preserve"> conti-
              <lb/>
            nuitate:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5812" xml:space="preserve"> numero.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5813" xml:space="preserve"> Eadem erroris cauſſa ſtrabo unum iudicat duo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5814" xml:space="preserve">ſi fuerit deformitas in uno tantùm
              <lb/>
            oculo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5815" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniam habet res uiſa diuerſitatem ſitus, reſpectu duorum oculorum eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5816" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt in duo-
              <lb/>
            bus oculis eius ſit deformatio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5817" xml:space="preserve"> cum acciditeos moueri forſitan accidet eis diuerſitas ſitus, reſpectu
              <lb/>
            rei uiſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5818" xml:space="preserve"> & ita in uno pluralitas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5819" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div208" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head237" xml:space="preserve" style="it">70. In motu & quiete. 138 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5820" xml:space="preserve">IN motu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5821" xml:space="preserve"> Si quis enim ſæpius in circuitũ uoluitur, cũ quieſcit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5822" xml:space="preserve"> putat, quòd parietes moueãtur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5823" xml:space="preserve"> Et
              <lb/>
            eſt, quoniam moto uidente, mouetur intrinſecus uis uiſibilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5824" xml:space="preserve"> & licet uidẽs ſteterit, nõ ſtatim uis
              <lb/>
            uiſibilis ſtabit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5825" xml:space="preserve"> ſed motus eius in uidentis quiete durabit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5826" xml:space="preserve"> & ob hoc motus uiſarum rerũ æſtima-
              <lb/>
            tio inſurgit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5827" xml:space="preserve"> Et huius motus exemplum in trocho uidemus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5828" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã diu poſt manus mouentis quie
              <lb/>
            tem uoluitur trochus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5829" xml:space="preserve"> Eſt etiam infirmitas, in qua uidentur patienti omnia uolui.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5830" xml:space="preserve"> In quiete.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5831" xml:space="preserve"> Quan-
              <lb/>
            do corpus ſimilium partium, ut ſunt quædã rotæ horologiorum, reuoluitur reuolutione pauca:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5832" xml:space="preserve"> ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus debilis non percipit eius motum, quẽ quidem perciperet uiſus temperatus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5833" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt multa ſit reuo
              <lb/>
            lutio, non percipitur etiam à temperato.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5834" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò ſit diſsimiliũ partium corpus motũ, ut in rota mo-
              <lb/>
            letrinæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5835" xml:space="preserve"> tunc uiſus debilis comprehendet motum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5836" xml:space="preserve"> Si autem feſtina fueritrotæreuolutio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5837" xml:space="preserve"> occultabi
              <lb/>
            tur uiſui debili motus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5838" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniã partes rotæ multũ diſsimiles ſunt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5839" xml:space="preserve"> non plenè comprehendetur diſsi
              <lb/>
            militudo in feſtinatione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5840" xml:space="preserve"> & per diſs imilitudinem partium fit comprehenſio motus earum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5841" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div209" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head238" xml:space="preserve" style="it">71. In aſperitate: lenitate: raritate: denſitate: umbra: tenebris: pulchritudine: deformitate:
            <lb/>
          ſimilitudine: dißimilitudine. 141. 144. 147. 150. 153 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5842" xml:space="preserve">IN aſperitate & læuitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5843" xml:space="preserve"> Quia forſan reputabit modicè lęue, aſperũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5844" xml:space="preserve"> uel ecõtrariò, ſi inter formas
              <lb/>
            aſperi & lęuis fuerit diſsimilitudo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5845" xml:space="preserve"> In raritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5846" xml:space="preserve"> Cũ fuerit in corpore raro ſoliditas pauca:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5847" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabi
              <lb/>
            tur à uiſu debili maior uera.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5848" xml:space="preserve"> In ſoliditate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5849" xml:space="preserve"> Si fuerit in corpore raro color fortis, aut poſt ipſum, &
              <lb/>
            raritas nõ maxima:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5850" xml:space="preserve"> putabit illud eſſe ſolidũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5851" xml:space="preserve"> In umbra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5852" xml:space="preserve"> Notæ parietis ſubnigræ, deſcẽdẽte ſuք ipſum
              <lb/>
            luce, apparẽt huic uiſui umbrę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5853" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi fuerintmultũ nigrę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5854" xml:space="preserve"> apparebũt foramina, in quibus tenebrę.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5855" xml:space="preserve"> In
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
        </div>
      </text>
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