1The Republick conſiſts of Things ſacred,
which appertain to the publick Worſhip: The
Care of which is in the Prieſts; and of Things
profane, which regard the Welfare and good of
the Society; the Care of which is in the Sena
tors and Judges at Home, and in the Generals
of Armies and Fleets Abroad. To each of
theſe belong two Kinds of Building, one upon
account of the Perſon's Office, the other for
the Uſe of his own private Family. Every
Man's Houſe ſhould certainly be ſuited to the
Condition of Life which he is in, whether he
is a King, a Tyrant, or a private Perſon. There
are ſome Circumſtances which in a particular
Manner become Men in high Stations. Virgil
very judiciouſly makes Anchiſes have his Houſe
in a private Part of the City, and ſhaded with
Trees; knowing very well that the Habitati
ons of great Men, for the Dignity and Quiet
both of themſelves and Families, ſhould be re
mote from the Concourſe of the Vulgar, and
from the Noiſe of Trades; and this not only
for the Pleaſure and Conveniency of having
Room for Gardens, Groves, or the like, but
alſo that ſo large a Family, conſiſting of diffe
rent Sorts of People, may not lie in the Way
to be corrupted and debauched by an ill
Neighbourhood, ſince (as is rightly obſerved)
more Miſchief is done by Wine Abroad than at
Home: And moreover, in order to avoid the
eternal Torment of numerous Viſitors and At
tendants. I have indeed obſerved that wiſe
Princes have not only placed themſelves out of
the Way of the Crowd, but even out of the
City itſelf, that the common People might not
be troubleſome to them, but when they were
in ſome particular Want of their Protection:
And, in Reality, what ſignifies all their Wealth
and Greatneſs, if they can never enjoy a few
Hours of Repoſe and Leiſure? However, their
Houſes, let them ſtand where they will, ought
to have large ſpacious Apartments to receive
thoſe that come to attend them, and the Street
which leads from them to the Places where the
publick Affairs are tranſacted, ſhould be of a
good Breadth, that their Servants, Clients,
Suitors and Followers crowding to attend their
Patron, may not ſtop up the Way, and breed
Confuſion. The different Places where the
Magiſtrates are to exerciſe their Offices, are
known to every Body: The Buſineſs of the
Senator, is in the Senate-houſe; of the Judge,
in the Tribunal, or Court of Juſtice; of the
General in the Army; of the Admiral on board
the Fleet. But what ſhall we ſay of the Prieſts?
to whom belongs not only the Temple, but
alſo the Cloyſter, which might be called a
Lodgement, or Camp for Soldiers, ſince the
chief Prieſts, and all his inferior Miniſters, are
employed in a ſtubborn and laborious Warfare,
(as we have ſhewed in the Book called The
Prieſt) namely, that of Virtue againſt Vice.
Of Temples, ſome are principal, as is that
wherein the chief Prieſt upon ſtated Seaſons ce
lebrates ſome ſolemn Rites and Sacrifices:
Others are under the Guardianſhip of inferior
Prieſts, as all Chapels in Town, and Oratories
in the Country. Perhaps the moſt convenient
Situation for the principal Temple may be in
the Middle of the City; but it is more Decent
to have it ſomewhat remote from the Crowd:
A Hill gives it an Air of Dignity, but it is more
ſecure from Earthquakes in a Plain. In a
Word, the Temple is to be placed where it
may appear with moſt Majeſty and Reverence:
For which Reaſon it ſhould lie entirely out of
the Way of all Filth and Indecency, to the In
tent that Fathers, Matrons and Virgins, who
come to offer up their Prayers, may not be
ſhocked and offended, or perverted from their
intended Devotions. Nigrigeneus the Archi
tect, who wrote about the Termini, informs us,
that the ancient Architects were for having the
Fronts of their Temples facing the Weſt: But
this Cuſtom was afterwards quite altered, and
it was thought better to have the Temples and
the Termini look to the Eaſt, that they might
have a View of the riſing Sun. But I have ob
ſerved myſelf that the Ancients in the ſituating
of their ſmaller Temples or Chapels, generally
turned their Fronts ſo as they might be ſeen
from the Sea, or ſome River or great Road.
To conclude, a Structure of this Kind ought
to be ſo built as to entice thoſe who are abſent
to come and ſee it, and to charm and detain
thoſe that are preſent by the Beauty and Curi
oſity of its Workmanſhip. An arched Roof
will ſecure it moſt againſt Fire, and a flat one
againſt Earthquakes; but the former will be
the leaſt liable to Decay by the Injury of Time.
And this may ſuffice as to the Temples, be
cauſe many Things which ſeem neceſſary to be
ſaid here, belong more properly to their Orna
ment than to their real Uſe: And therefore of
thoſe we ſhall treat elſewhere. Smaller Tem
ples and Chaples muſt imitate the Greater, ac
cording to the Dignity of their Situation and
Uſes.
which appertain to the publick Worſhip: The
Care of which is in the Prieſts; and of Things
profane, which regard the Welfare and good of
the Society; the Care of which is in the Sena
tors and Judges at Home, and in the Generals
of Armies and Fleets Abroad. To each of
theſe belong two Kinds of Building, one upon
account of the Perſon's Office, the other for
the Uſe of his own private Family. Every
Man's Houſe ſhould certainly be ſuited to the
Condition of Life which he is in, whether he
is a King, a Tyrant, or a private Perſon. There
are ſome Circumſtances which in a particular
Manner become Men in high Stations. Virgil
very judiciouſly makes Anchiſes have his Houſe
in a private Part of the City, and ſhaded with
Trees; knowing very well that the Habitati
ons of great Men, for the Dignity and Quiet
both of themſelves and Families, ſhould be re
mote from the Concourſe of the Vulgar, and
from the Noiſe of Trades; and this not only
for the Pleaſure and Conveniency of having
Room for Gardens, Groves, or the like, but
alſo that ſo large a Family, conſiſting of diffe
rent Sorts of People, may not lie in the Way
to be corrupted and debauched by an ill
Neighbourhood, ſince (as is rightly obſerved)
more Miſchief is done by Wine Abroad than at
Home: And moreover, in order to avoid the
eternal Torment of numerous Viſitors and At
tendants. I have indeed obſerved that wiſe
Princes have not only placed themſelves out of
the Way of the Crowd, but even out of the
City itſelf, that the common People might not
be troubleſome to them, but when they were
in ſome particular Want of their Protection:
And, in Reality, what ſignifies all their Wealth
and Greatneſs, if they can never enjoy a few
Hours of Repoſe and Leiſure? However, their
Houſes, let them ſtand where they will, ought
to have large ſpacious Apartments to receive
thoſe that come to attend them, and the Street
which leads from them to the Places where the
publick Affairs are tranſacted, ſhould be of a
good Breadth, that their Servants, Clients,
Suitors and Followers crowding to attend their
Patron, may not ſtop up the Way, and breed
Confuſion. The different Places where the
Magiſtrates are to exerciſe their Offices, are
known to every Body: The Buſineſs of the
Senator, is in the Senate-houſe; of the Judge,
in the Tribunal, or Court of Juſtice; of the
General in the Army; of the Admiral on board
the Fleet. But what ſhall we ſay of the Prieſts?
to whom belongs not only the Temple, but
alſo the Cloyſter, which might be called a
Lodgement, or Camp for Soldiers, ſince the
chief Prieſts, and all his inferior Miniſters, are
employed in a ſtubborn and laborious Warfare,
(as we have ſhewed in the Book called The
Prieſt) namely, that of Virtue againſt Vice.
Of Temples, ſome are principal, as is that
wherein the chief Prieſt upon ſtated Seaſons ce
lebrates ſome ſolemn Rites and Sacrifices:
Others are under the Guardianſhip of inferior
Prieſts, as all Chapels in Town, and Oratories
in the Country. Perhaps the moſt convenient
Situation for the principal Temple may be in
the Middle of the City; but it is more Decent
to have it ſomewhat remote from the Crowd:
A Hill gives it an Air of Dignity, but it is more
ſecure from Earthquakes in a Plain. In a
Word, the Temple is to be placed where it
may appear with moſt Majeſty and Reverence:
For which Reaſon it ſhould lie entirely out of
the Way of all Filth and Indecency, to the In
tent that Fathers, Matrons and Virgins, who
come to offer up their Prayers, may not be
ſhocked and offended, or perverted from their
intended Devotions. Nigrigeneus the Archi
tect, who wrote about the Termini, informs us,
that the ancient Architects were for having the
Fronts of their Temples facing the Weſt: But
this Cuſtom was afterwards quite altered, and
it was thought better to have the Temples and
the Termini look to the Eaſt, that they might
have a View of the riſing Sun. But I have ob
ſerved myſelf that the Ancients in the ſituating
of their ſmaller Temples or Chapels, generally
turned their Fronts ſo as they might be ſeen
from the Sea, or ſome River or great Road.
To conclude, a Structure of this Kind ought
to be ſo built as to entice thoſe who are abſent
to come and ſee it, and to charm and detain
thoſe that are preſent by the Beauty and Curi
oſity of its Workmanſhip. An arched Roof
will ſecure it moſt againſt Fire, and a flat one
againſt Earthquakes; but the former will be
the leaſt liable to Decay by the Injury of Time.
And this may ſuffice as to the Temples, be
cauſe many Things which ſeem neceſſary to be
ſaid here, belong more properly to their Orna
ment than to their real Uſe: And therefore of
thoſe we ſhall treat elſewhere. Smaller Tem
ples and Chaples muſt imitate the Greater, ac
cording to the Dignity of their Situation and
Uſes.