Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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more than it did at the level AF, it would riſe yet more above
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the ſaid level A F; although that the ſelf ſame quantity of water
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runneth all the while. </
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<
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>By the above-named ſolid Principle I
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reſolve extravagant Problems in my Treatiſe, and aſſign the Rea
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ſons of admirable effects of Running Waters: But as for what
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concerneth our purpoſe of the
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Pontine Fenns,
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we have the Cau
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ſes very plain and clear; for which, by the trampling of Cattle
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which paſs thorow the
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Draining River,
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the waters abate ſo nota
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bly, that it is as it were a miracle for thoſe Reeds, Flags, and
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Weeds that ſpring up, encreaſe, and ſpread all over the River,
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ſtop and impede that velocity of the waters which they would
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have by means of their declivity. </
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>But that paſſage of thoſe Beaſts,
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treading down thoſe Weeds unto the bottom of the River, in ſuch
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ſort, as that they no longer hinder the Current of the Water;
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and the ſame Waters increaſing in their courſe, they do dimi
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niſh in meaſure and height; and by this meanes the Ditches of the
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Plains empty into the ſame ſucceſsfully, and leave them free
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from Waters, and Drained. </
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>But theſe Weeds in a ſhort
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time ſprouting up anew, and raiſing their ſtalkes thorow the
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body of the Waters, they reduce things to the ſame evil
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ſtate, as before, retarding the velocity of the Water, ma
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king it to increaſe in height, and perhaps do occaſion grea
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ter miſchiefs; ſeeing that thoſe many knots which each plant
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ſhoots forth, begets a greater multitude of Stalks, which much
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more incumbering the Water of the River, are a greater impe
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diment unto its velocity, and conſequently make the height
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of the waters to encreaſe ſo much the more, and do more miſchief
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than before.</
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>Another head to which theſe harms may be reduced, but pro
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ceeding from the ſame Root, which hath a great part in this
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diſorder, is the impediment of thoſe Wears in the River which
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are made by heightning the bed of the ſame, for placing of fiſh
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ing-nets; of which
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Piſcaries
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I reckoned above ten, when I made
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a voyage thorow thoſe waters to
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Sandolo.
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And theſe Fiſhing
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Wears are ſuch impediments, that ſome one of them makes the
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water of the River in the upper part to riſe half a Palm, and
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ſometimes a whole Palm, and more; ſo that when they are all
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gathered together, theſe impediments amount to more than ſeven,
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or poſſibly than eight Palms.</
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>There concurreth for a third moſt Potent Cauſe of the waters
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continuing high in the evacuating, or Draining Chanel, and con
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ſequently on the Plains; The great abundance of water that iſſu
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eth from
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Fiume Siſto,
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the waters of which do not keep within its
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Banks when they are abundant; but encreaſing above its Chanel,
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they unite with thoſe of the Evacuator, and diſperſing thorow </
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