Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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<
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>CHAP. VII.</
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That the Prieſt's Camp is the Cloyſter; the Duty of the Prieſt; the various
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Sorts of Cloyſters and their proper Situations.
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>The Prieſt's Camp is the Cloyſter, in
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which a certain Number of Perſons ſhut
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themſelves up together in order to devote them
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ſelves either to Religion or Virtue; ſuch are thoſe
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who have dedicated themſelves to the ſacred
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Functions, or who have taken upon themſelves
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a Vow of Chaſtity. </
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>Beſides this Cloyſter is a
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Place where Perſons of ſtudious Diſpoſitions
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employ themſelves about the Knowledge of
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Things as well Divine as Human; for as the
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Prieſt's Duty is as far as in him lies to lead
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Mankind into a Courſe of Life as near to Per
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fection as poſſible, this can never be done more
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effectually than by Philoſophy. </
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>For as there
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are two Things in the Nature of Man to which
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this muſt be owing, Virtue and Truth; when
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the former has taught us to calm and govern
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our Paſſions, and the latter to know the Prin
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ciples and Secrets of Nature, which will purge
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the Mind from Ignorance and the Contagion of
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the Body; we may then be qualified to enter
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into a happy Courſe of Life, and to have ſome
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Reſemblance with the divine Nature itſelf. </
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<
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>Add
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to this, that it is the Duty of all good Men, as
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the Prieſts ought and would be thought to be,
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to exerciſe themſelves in all thoſe Offices of
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Humanity which are due from every Man to
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his Neighbour, namely, to aſſiſt and relieve the
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Poor, the Diſtreſſed and the Infirm, to the ut
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moſt of their Power. </
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>Theſe are the Things
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in which the Prieſt is to employ himſelf and
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all thoſe under his Direction. </
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>Of the Struc
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tures proper for theſe Purpoſes, whether be
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longing to the ſuperior or inferior Rank of
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Prieſts, we are now to treat; and firſt we ſhall
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begin with the Cloyſter. </
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>Cloyſters are of ſe
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veral Sorts, either for ſuch Perſons as are to be
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ſo ſtrictly confined that they muſt never ap
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pear in publick at all, unleſs at Church or in
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Proceſſions; or for thoſe who are to be allow
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ed a little more Liberty. </
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>Of theſe again ſome
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are for Men, others for Women. </
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>Thoſe for
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Women ſhould, in my Opinion, be neither too
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much in the City, nor too much out of it: For
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though in a Solitude they may not be ſo much
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ſrequented, yet any one that has a Deſign may
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have more Opportunity to execute any villan
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ous Enterprize where there are ſo few Wit
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neſſes, than where there are a great many both
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to ſhame and diſſwade him from ſuch an At
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tempt. </
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>It is our Buſineſs in both to take Care
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not that they have no Inclinations to be un
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chaſte, but no means. </
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>For this Purpoſe every
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Entrance muſt be ſo ſecured, that nobody can
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poſſibly get in; and ſo well watched, that no
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body may loyter about in order to attempt it
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without inſtant Suſpicion and Shame. </
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<
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>No
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Camp for an Army ſhould be ſo well guarded
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by Intrenchments and Paliſadoes, as a Monaſ
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tery ought to be by high Walls, without either
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Doors or Windows in them, or the leaſt Hole
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by which not only no Violator of Chaſtity, but
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not ſo much as the leaſt Temptation either by
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the Eye or Ear, may poſſibly get in to diſorder,
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or pollute the Minds of the Recluſe. </
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<
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>Let them
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receive their Light from an open Court on the
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Inſide. </
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<
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>Round this Court the Portico, Cells,
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Refectory, Chapter-houſe and the like Conve
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niencies ſhould be diſpoſed according to their
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various Uſes, in the ſame Manner as in private
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Houſes. </
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>Nor ſhould Space be wanting for
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Gardens and Meadows, for the moderate Re
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creation of the Mind, but not for adminiſtring
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to Pleaſure. </
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<
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>If all theſe Precautions are ta
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ken, it will be beſt to have them out of the
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Way of a Concourſe of People. </
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<
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>The Cloyſters
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for both Sexes therefore cannot be better placed
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than without the City; that the Attention of
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their Thoughts which are entirely dedicated to
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Holineſs, and the calm and ſettled Religion of
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their Minds may not be diſturbed by too many
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Viſitors. </
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<
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>But then I would have their Houſes,
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whether they are for Men or Women, ſituated
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in the moſt healthy Air that can be found out;
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that the Recluſe, while they are wholly intent
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upon the Care of their Souls, may not have
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their Bodies, already impared, by conſtant faſt
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ing and watching, oppreſſed likewiſe with
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Weakneſs and Diſeaſes. </
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<
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>Thoſe who are with
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out the City ſhould be placed in a Situation
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naturally ſtrong, that neither Robbers nor any
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plundering Enemy with a ſmall Force, may
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be able at every turn to ſack it; and I would
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have it moreover fortified with a Trench and a </
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