Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div209" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5855" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="102" file="0108" n="108" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            deformitate & decore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5856" xml:space="preserve"> ſimilitudine & diſsimilitudine ꝓpter particulares decoris uel fœditatis, ſimi
              <lb/>
            litudinis & diſsimilitudinis cauſſas uiſũ latẽtes.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5857" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt error in p̃ dictis omnib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5858" xml:space="preserve"> ex ſola debilitate uiſ 9.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5859" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div210" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head239" xml:space="preserve" style="it">72. In uiſione errores creantur aliàs quidem à ſingulis uiſionẽ perficientibus: aliàs uerò à plu-
            <lb/>
          ribus ſimul, quorum nullum per ſe errorem crearet. 154 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5860" xml:space="preserve">IAm diximus, quomodo accidat error in ſyllogiſmo, ſecundum unamquãq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5861" xml:space="preserve"> cauſſarum erroris ui
              <lb/>
            ſus in qualibet partium, quæ acquiruntur per ſyllogiſmum, & inceſsimus ſuper quemlibet erro-
              <lb/>
            ris modum, & cuiuslibet ſuppoſuimus exemplum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5862" xml:space="preserve"> Et licet in errorib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5863" xml:space="preserve"> uiſus ſit copioſa multitu-
              <lb/>
            do:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5864" xml:space="preserve"> tñ omniũ ad modos dictos fiet reductio, & ad exẽpla ordinatim propoſita:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5865" xml:space="preserve"> aſsignauimus quoq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5866" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            errores, ſecundum quod ſinguli eorum accidunt ab unica tantũ cauſſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5867" xml:space="preserve"> Et aliquan do error infertur
              <lb/>
            non ab una tantùm, ſed à duabus cauſsis uel plurib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5868" xml:space="preserve"> Verbi gratia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5869" xml:space="preserve"> Simoueatur aliquid à longitudi-
              <lb/>
            ne magna motulento:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5870" xml:space="preserve"> ſubitò uiſum uidebitur immotũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5871" xml:space="preserve"> & percipi poſſet motus ille in diſtantia tem
              <lb/>
            perata etiam celeri uiſu, uel etiã in illa longitudine intemperata non occultaretur motus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5872" xml:space="preserve"> ſi tẽpera-
              <lb/>
            tum eſſet in ſpectionis tẽpus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5873" xml:space="preserve"> Prouenit igitur error ex duabus intemperantijs, quarum neutra per ſe
              <lb/>
            ſufficit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5874" xml:space="preserve"> triũ aggregatio errorem efficit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5875" xml:space="preserve"> Si à magna lõgitudine, ſub debili luce, in modico tẽpore, op-
              <lb/>
            ponatur uiſui corporis diuerſorum colorũ reuolutio non cita:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5876" xml:space="preserve"> æſtimabitur corpus ſtare:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5877" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi ab ea-
              <lb/>
            dem longitudine, ſub eadem luce, tempore temperato, adhibeatur intuitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5878" xml:space="preserve"> comprehendetur mo-
              <lb/>
            tus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5879" xml:space="preserve"> qui ſimiliter non latebit in tẽperata longitudine, ſub eadem luce & modico tẽpore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5880" xml:space="preserve"> & etiã perci
              <lb/>
            pi poterit in eadẽ longitudine ſub fortiluce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5881" xml:space="preserve"> Et generaliter ex omnib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5882" xml:space="preserve"> errorib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5883" xml:space="preserve"> uiſui accidentib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5884" xml:space="preserve"> nec
              <lb/>
            unus nec plures congregati euadũt cauſſas, quas diximus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5885" xml:space="preserve"> Quælibet aũt forma rei uiſæ, ex ijs, quæ
              <lb/>
            enumerauimus, eſt cõpoſita.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5886" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum uiſus non ac quirat ex rebus uiſis, niſi aliquas iſtarũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5887" xml:space="preserve"> non acci-
              <lb/>
            dit error in uiſu, niſi in aliqua iſtarũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5888" xml:space="preserve"> Et omnis error, qui accidit in ſcientia, eſt, quoniam intellectus
              <lb/>
            ſimilia efficit, quæ percipit, cũ ijs, quę percepit in modo aliquo, aut diſsimilia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5889" xml:space="preserve"> Et omnis error in par
              <lb/>
            tialibus erit, aut in ſenſu, aut in ſcientia, aut in ſyllogiſmo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5890" xml:space="preserve"> & non poteſt eſſe, quin ſit in aliquo iſtorũ,
              <lb/>
            aut duobus, autipſis tribus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5891" xml:space="preserve"> Et quicunque error accidit in huiuſmodi tribus, non erit, niſi per erro-
              <lb/>
            rem uiſus in partibus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5892" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam patuit, quòd error uiſus in partialib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5893" xml:space="preserve"> non erit, niſi propter cauſſas, quas
              <lb/>
            aſsignauimus, aut ex una earum tantùm, aut ex pluribus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5894" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div211" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head240" xml:space="preserve">ALHAZEN FILII</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head241" xml:space="preserve">ALHAYZEN OPTICAE</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head242" xml:space="preserve">LIBER QVARTVS.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5895" xml:space="preserve">LIBER iſte diuiditur in quinque partes.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5896" xml:space="preserve"> Pars prima eſt proæmium libri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5897" xml:space="preserve"> Se-
              <lb/>
            cundaest in declaratione, quòd luci accidat reflexio à politis corporib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5898" xml:space="preserve"> Tertia
              <lb/>
            est in modo reflexionis formæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5899" xml:space="preserve"> Quarta in oſtenſione, quòd comprehenſio for
              <lb/>
            mæ ex corporibus politis non est, niſi ex reflexione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5900" xml:space="preserve"> Quinta est in modo comprehenſio-
              <lb/>
            nis formarum per reflexionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5901" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div212" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head243" xml:space="preserve">PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. I.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head244" xml:space="preserve" style="it">1. Viſio fit trifariam: rectè: reflexè: & refr actè. In præf. 1. 3. 10 Libr.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5902" xml:space="preserve">IAm explanauimus in libris tribus modũ comprehenſionis formarũ in uiſu, cum fuerit directus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5903" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & enumerauimus ſingula, quæ in rebus uiſis cõprehendit uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5904" xml:space="preserve"> Sed diuerſificatur acquiſitio ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus tripliciter:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5905" xml:space="preserve"> Aut enim directè, ſicut diximus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5906" xml:space="preserve"> aut per reflexionem in politis corporibus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5907" xml:space="preserve"> aut per
              <lb/>
            penetrationem, ut in raris, quorum non eſtraritas, ſicut raritas aeris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5908" xml:space="preserve"> Et non poteſt diuerſificari ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus, niſi in his modis tribus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5909" xml:space="preserve"> Et his duobus modis poſterioribus comprehendit uiſus in rebus uiſis,
              <lb/>
            quæ ſuprà expoſuimus, & quorum acquiſitionẽ in uiſu directo patefecimus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5910" xml:space="preserve"> Et forſitan uiſus in his
              <lb/>
            incurrit in errorem, aut conſequitur ueritatem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5911" xml:space="preserve"> Et nos aſsign abimus in hoc libro, quando per refle-
              <lb/>
            xionem fiat formarum acquiſitio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5912" xml:space="preserve"> & quomodo erit reflexio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5913" xml:space="preserve"> & quis linearũ reflexarum ſitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5914" xml:space="preserve"> Et præ
              <lb/>
            ponemus quædam accidentia præponenda.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5915" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div213" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head245" xml:space="preserve">QVOD LVCI ACCIDAT REFLEXIO À
            <unsure/>
          POLITIS
            <lb/>
          corporibus. Cap. II.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head246" xml:space="preserve" style="it">2. Lux & color reflectuntur à quolibet politæ ſuperficiei puncto, lineis rectis. 1 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5916" xml:space="preserve">PLanum eſt ex libro primo [1.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5917" xml:space="preserve"> 2.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5918" xml:space="preserve"> 3.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5919" xml:space="preserve"> 14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5920" xml:space="preserve"> 18.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5921" xml:space="preserve"> 19 n] quòd lux à corpore lucido luce propria uel accidẽ-
              <lb/>
            tali dirigatur in omne corpus ei oppoſitum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5922" xml:space="preserve"> & eodem modo color, cũ in eo lux fuerit, mittitur-
              <lb/>
            Itaq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5923" xml:space="preserve"> corpore polito oppoſito corpori lucido, mittitur ad ipſum lux mixtim cũ colore, & refle-
              <lb/>
            ctitur lux cũ colore, ſiue fuerit fortis, ſiue debilis, ſiue prima, ſiue ſecundaria.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5924" xml:space="preserve"> Et quòd fiat in luce for
              <lb/>
            ti reflexio, poteſt patére:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5925" xml:space="preserve"> oppoſito luci forti ſpeculo ferreo, ſi oppoſitus fuerit paries ſpeculo, & de-
              <lb/>
            ſcẽderit ſuք ipſum lux declinata, nõ recta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5926" xml:space="preserve"> uidebitur in pariete lux fortis reflexa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5927" xml:space="preserve"> quę ꝗdẽ nõ uidebi-
              <lb/>
            tur ſuper eun dem locum, ſi ſpeculũ auferatur uel moueatur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5928" xml:space="preserve"> imò ſecũdum motum ſpeculi mutabi-
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
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