Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.004747">
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              tamen paruæ ſunt, toto genere marmora. </s>
              <s id="s.004748">Si
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              autem ſquamis conſtent, ſilices: ſi granulis,
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              cotes: ſi nihil horum adſit, ſaxa vocentur.
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004749">
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              Gemma quæ
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              vocetur, &
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              quæ verè ſit.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004750">
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              Gemmarum
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              genera.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004751">Gemmarum genera tria: perſpicuum vt
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              adamas, opacum vt onyx plerunque, mi­
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              ſtum vt ſardonyx & iaſpis: quorum par­
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              tes quædam perſpicuæ, quædam verò opa­
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              cæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004752">Aliæ etiam reddunt imaginem vt Sap­
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              phirus quem ego habeo, & ſmaragdus,
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              tum carbunculus illo in Orchomeno Arca­
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              diæ inuentus. </s>
              <s id="s.004753">Cauſa cur reddant gemmæ
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              imaginem, eſt nitor primum, inde duri­
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              ties, tertiò opacitas, quartò color dilutus:
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              vix enim cum calore perfecto poteſt imago
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              reddi. </s>
              <s id="s.004754">Inter ſaxa plerunque generantur
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              gemmæ, deſtillante è lapidibus ſucco in con­
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              caua, velut infans materno ſanguine. </s>
              <s id="s.004755">Vi­
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              dimus in lapidibus ferreis, quos ad confi­
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              cienda metallica vaſa conterebant, ame­
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              thyſtos & carbunculos eius generis, quos
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              vocant granatos, ſed minimè duros, quòd
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              è Germania deferrentur: vt appareret gem­
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              mas è ſucco metallico inter lapides puriore
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              generari. </s>
              <s id="s.004756">Pretioſiores quidem ex auro &
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              argento, ignobiles ex ære & ferro, at­
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              que plumbo. </s>
              <s id="s.004757">In noſtris igitur regionibus
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              gemmæ nobiles non fiunt, quia auro non
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              abundant: & ſi auro abundare poſſent, ob­
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              ſtat cœli frigus. </s>
              <s id="s.004758">Pro natura igitur metal­
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              lorum differentiæ fiunt lapidum atque gem­
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              marum. </s>
              <s id="s.004759">Auri quidem adamas, carbuncu­
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              lus, ſmaragdus, opalus, ſapphirus autem
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              argenti, ferri verò carbunculus, granatus
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              & amethyſtus: hos cùm duri non fuerint
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              inferius, ſuccos potius quàm gemmas ap­
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              pellabimus. </s>
              <s id="s.004760">Chryſtallus cùm magnitudi­
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              ne, & mollitie multum abſit à gemmarum
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              natura, illud quoque habet quòd abſque
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              metallica natura oriatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004761">Viſne exemplum
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              gemmarum ortus? </s>
              <s id="s.004762">Vt nodi in lignis, vt in
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              hominibus glandulæ: vt in herbis ſemina
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              quædam, imò verius vt fungi in arboribus,
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              & qui pertioſiores ſunt in roſarum truncis:
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              quod enim liquidum eſt, cogitur: quod te­
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              nue & purum, ſplendet: quod impurum,
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              tantùm nitet: quod longo tempore inter
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              ſaxa duratur, in lapidis etiam duritiem tran­
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              ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.004763">Tranſit & in gemmæ duritiem, quòd te­
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              nue ſit admodum: nam id nitet, quia æqua­
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              le eſt & ſolidum: parum enim abeſt, præcipuè
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              ſi poliatur, quod tenuiſſimum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004764">
                <expan abbr="Gemmarũ">Gemmarum</expan>
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              igitur ortus talis eſt, atque
                <expan abbr="pretioſiorũ">pretioſiorum</expan>
              in ca­
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              lidis regionibus quòd ſuccus ille ſit tenuiſſi­
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              mus. </s>
              <s id="s.004765">Ob id igitur gemmæ omnes tantum ha­
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              bent duritiei, quantum & nitoris. </s>
              <s id="s.004766">Aliæ verò
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              in animalibus generantur, vt ſuo loco ex­
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              plicabitur.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg669"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004767">
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              Cauſa cur
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              gemmæ red­
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              dunt imagi­
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              nem.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004768">Gemmarum
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              ortus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004769">
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              Gemmarum
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              matrices.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004770">Cæterùm quæ inter lapides generan­
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              tur, non paſſim, ſed habet vnaquæque
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              gemma ſuam matricem. </s>
              <s id="s.004771">Smaragdus praſ­
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              ſio innaſcitur, & iaſpidi quandoque, ſi­
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              lici, iaſpis. </s>
              <s id="s.004772">Carbunculum ferunt balaſſio,
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              cryſtallus marmori, onychi ſarda, qua­
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              lis apud me eſt, vbi in imo videas ony­
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              chem expreſſam, Sardam in ſupremo.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004773">Cognoſcuntur gemmæ, tactu, viſu, li­
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              ma, ſubſtantia. </s>
              <s id="s.004774">Tactu, quia grauiores
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              vitro ſunt ac frigidiores. </s>
              <s id="s.004775">Vnde Indi gens
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              hoc in genere ſolertiſſima, linguæ conta­
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              ctu eas probare ſolent. </s>
              <s id="s.004776">Sunt autem optimæ,
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              quæ frigidiſſimæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004777">Viſu, quòd ſplendor niti­
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              dior ſit, conſtantior, ac magis oculos im­
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              plens, nec lucernæ lumine adeò vt vitrum
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              hebetatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004778">Subſtantia verò viuacior ac ma­
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              gis leuis. </s>
              <s id="s.004779">Lima, quia (vt dixi) non atte­
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              runtur. </s>
              <s id="s.004780">Inde factum eſt vt gemmæ pleræque
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              interdiu locis in quibus naſci ſolent, ſolis
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              ſplendore detegantur: nocte Lunæ, vel ſy­
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              derum: aliæ caſu, aliæ effoſſis locis certis ar­
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              gumentis quæruntur, inueniuntúrque. </s>
              <s id="s.004781">Gem­
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              marum vitia plurima: alia tamen coloris, vt
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              fumus, vmbra, nubecula: alia corporis, vt
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              ſcabrities, capillus, ſal, punctum, ſcobs,
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              plumbago, ferrugo, rubigo, vomica. </s>
              <s id="s.004782">Fu­
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              mus obſcurior, nubecula candidior, vm­
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              bra tenuior ac nigrior. </s>
              <s id="s.004783">Capillus in ſuper­
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              ficie quaſi exeſus, vt lima tactus lapis vi­
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              deatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004784">Sal obſcurum intus, glaciem vo­
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              cant, Scabrities aſperitas quædam, quæ
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              tamen à profundo originem ducit. </s>
              <s id="s.004785">Pun­
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              ctum eſt, vt bulla parua in corpore gem­
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              mæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004786">Scobs velut fragmenta ſparſa. </s>
              <s id="s.004787">Plum­
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              bagine obtuſus ſplendor redditur, ferru­
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              gine etiam cum colore obſcuro. </s>
              <s id="s.004788">Vomica
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              puſtula videtur profunda, denſa. </s>
              <s id="s.004789">Nuper
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              vidi tuberculo ſimilem, cum exterior ſuper­
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              ficies leuis eſſet, & tuber in ſolido. </s>
              <s id="s.004790">Id ve­
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              rò admirabile quod intus prominere vide­
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              retur. </s>
              <s id="s.004791">Vt quòd erat, eſſe vix poſſe cre­
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              das, nec vlla arte poſſe imitari. </s>
              <s id="s.004792">Vitian­
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              tur gemmæ non plus animalibus, plantiſ­
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              ve, imò minus: ſed tamen rariores ſine
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              vitio videntur eſſe gemmæ animalibus &
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              plantis, quòd in gemmis ob ſplendorem,
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              & paruitatem vitia magis conſpicua ſint,
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              & animaduerſione digna. </s>
              <s id="s.004793">Ob id pleroſ­
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              que eruditos magis vitiis grauioribus ob­
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              noxios exiſtimamus, fallente ſenſu: nam
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              non ſic eſt, ſed ob ſplendorem nominis
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              & formæ humilitatem magis ſunt in illis
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              conſpicua, & magis animaduertuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004794">At
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              plebeios homines obſcuritas tegit: non enim
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              tot hominum oculos habent in ſe conuer­
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              ſos, vt ſapientes. </s>
              <s id="s.004795">Magnitudo autem in
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              Principibus facit, vt non animaduerta­
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              tur vitium, velut nec in ampla veſte exi­
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              gua macula: eò factum eſt, vt anſa præ­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg674"/>
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              beretur populis maledicendi de ſapienti­
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              bus: tum verò viciſſim illis irritatis, in­
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              uidia non leuis patriæ conflata eſt, à qua
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              nonnunquam excidium & calamitates in­
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              gentes prouenêre. </s>
              <s id="s.004796">Quantum obfuit etiam
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              citra diuinum iudicium Iudæis, quòd
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              Chriſtum & Iacobum occiderint? </s>
              <s id="s.004797">Athe­
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              nienſibus, quòd Socratem? </s>
              <s id="s.004798">Romanis,
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              quòd Scipionem Africanum in exilium
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              ſpontaneum coëgerint? </s>
              <s id="s.004799">Sed omittamus
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              obſcuriora: ab euidentibus ſumamus
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              exemplum. </s>
              <s id="s.004800">Pericles vir maximi inge­
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              nij, inſimulatus ab æmulis quòd pe­
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              cuniam publicam apud ſe repoſitam con­
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              ſumpſiſſet, ne apud iudices infenſos ca­
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              lumniæ rationem reddere cogeretur, ſua­
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              dendo & impellendo, populum Athenien­
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              ſem bello Peloponenſi implicuit, in quo
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              pecuniæ omnes tam publicæ, quam pri­
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              uatæ abſumptæ ſunt: iuuentus tota par­
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              tim bello, partim cum toto populo pe­
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              ſte ſublata eſt: agri vaſtati: vrbes Athe­
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              narum imperio ſubiectæ, exciſæ euerſæ, ac in </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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