Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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<
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>Agricola did not confine his interest entirely to medicine and mining,
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for during this period he composed a pamphlet upon the Turks, urging their
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extermination by the European powers. </
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<
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>This work was no doubt inspired by
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the Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529. It appeared first in German in 1531,
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and in Latin—in which it was originally written—in 1538, and passed through
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many subsequent editions.</
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<
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>At this time, too, he became interested in the God's Gift mine at
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Albertham, which was discovered in 1530. Writing in 1545, he says
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6
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:
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“We, as a shareholder, through the goodness of God, have enjoyed the
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proceeds of this God's Gift since the very time when the mine began first
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to bestow such riches.”</
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<
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>Agricola seems to have resigned his position at Joachimsthal in about
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1530, and to have devoted the next two or three years to travel and study
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among the mines. </
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>About 1533 he became city physician of Chemnitz, in
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Saxony, and here he resided until his death in 1555. There is but little
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record of his activities during the first eight or nine years of his residence in
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this city. </
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<
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>He must have been engaged upon the study of his subjects and
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the preparation of his books, for they came on with great rapidity soon after.
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<
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>He was frequently consulted on matters of mining engineering, as, for instance,
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we learn, from a letter written by a certain Johannes Hordeborch
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7
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, that
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Duke Henry of Brunswick applied to him with regard to the method for
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working mines in the Upper Harz.</
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<
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>In 1543 he married Anna, widow of Matthias Meyner, a petty tithe
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official; there is some reason to believe from a letter published by Schmid,
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8
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that Anna was his second wife, and that he was married the first time at
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Joachimsthal. </
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>He seems to have had several children, for he commends his
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young children to the care of the Town Council during his absence at the
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war in 1547. In addition to these, we know that a son, Theodor, was born
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in 1550; a daughter, Anna, in 1552; another daughter, Irene, was buried at
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Chemnitz in 1555; and in 1580 his widow and three children—Anna,
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Valerius, and Lucretia—were still living.</
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<
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>In 1544 began the publication of the series of books to which Agricola
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owes his position. </
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<
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>The first volume comprised five works and was finally
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issued in 1546; it was subsequently considerably revised, and re-issued in 1558.
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These works were:
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De Ortu et Causís Subterraneorum,
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in five “books,” the
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first work on physical geology;
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De Natura Eorum quae Effluunt ex Terra,
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in
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four “books,” on subterranean waters and gases;
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De Natura Fossílíum,
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in
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ten “books,” the first systematic mineralogy;
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De Veteribus et Novís Metallís,
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in two “books,” devoted largely to the history of metals and topographical
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mineralogy; a new edition of
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Bermannus
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was included; and finally
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Rerum
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Metallícarum Interpretatio,
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a glossary of Latin and German mineralogical
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and metallurgical terms. </
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<
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>Another work,
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De Animantíbus Subterraneis,
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usually published with
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De Re Metallica,
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is dated 1548 in the preface. </
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<
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>It
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