Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.000218">
                <pb pagenum="362" xlink:href="016/01/011.jpg"/>
              enim ſpatium ſupra F, inane eſt, nec in eo
                <lb/>
              aliquid continetur præter embolum & vir­
                <lb/>
              gulas. </s>
              <s id="s.000219">In imo harum virgularum circulus F,
                <lb/>
              câpitibus earum annexus conſtituatur, nec
                <lb/>
              totus inanis, ſed in medio tantùm, & vbi
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              foramen relinquitur, corio ſupernè, ac ſu­
                <lb/>
              per corium plumbi lamina tenui, vt in M,
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              dictum eſt, integatur, ſic vt cùm integitur,
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              ne aër poſſit tranſire, & corium tamen cum
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              plumbo eleuari poſſit verſus N, & foramen
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              ipſum detegere. </s>
              <s id="s.000220">Hoc itaque fiet, ſi corium
                <lb/>
              media quaſi parte annexum fuerit circulo,
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              capita virgarum continente: reliqua parte
                <lb/>
              diſiunctum, ac ſolùm ad amuſſim foramen
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              illud, cùm hæret, occludens. </s>
              <s id="s.000221">Ex ipſis rurſus
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              virgarum capitibus tres aliæ virgæ rectà
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              prodeant, lateribus introrſum tubæ hæren­
                <lb/>
              tes. </s>
              <s id="s.000222">Has corium circumambit vndequaque
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              ab F, ſuprema parte vſque in G, hærens ad
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              amuſſim lateribus tubæ introrſum, ne vel aër
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              ex K, in N, poſſit permeare. </s>
              <s id="s.000223">Ita fiet in H, mo­
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              diolum, ſed inuerſum, videatur: eſt enim fun­
                <lb/>
              dus F, & corio circumueſtitus vndequaque
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              tereti forma, & in G, apertus ac patens. </s>
              <s id="s.000224">Quo
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              peracto ita aptetur A, embolus, vt citrò, vl­
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              tróque commeare modò deſcendendo vſque
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              ad M, parte G, ima modioli inuerſi, modò
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              ſursùm vbi nunc pingitur, retrahi poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000225">His
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              itaque ſic diſpoſitis, iaceat G, ſuper M Q, &
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              incipiat eleuari, tunc aër contentus in ſpatio
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              H, rarior factus demùm trahit Q, & eleuat:
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              cuius ſucceſſu aſcendit aër ex L, in K, ſpa­
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              tium, huius ſucceſſu aqua aſcendit ex B, in
                <lb/>
              L. </s>
              <s id="s.000226">Cùm autem embolus deſcendit aëris im­
                <lb/>
              pulſu, & plumbi grauitate, illicò Q, deſcen­
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              dit: quare aqua, quæ eſt in L, neceſſariò ma­
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              net: nam recluſo operculo MQ, ſi aqua deſ­
                <lb/>
              cenderet, conuelleretur modicus ille aër, qui
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              eſſet in ſuprema parte L, ſupra aquam, cùm
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              non poſſit alium haurire aërem ex K, pro­
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              pter periculum MQ: aër verò qui in K, con­
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              tinebatur, dum deſcendit per G, eleuans
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              operculum F, effugit ſpatium O, & per P,
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              foramen exit foràs: ita ſæpiùs repetito aſcen­
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              ſu, deſcenſúque G, & emboli, impletur lo­
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              cus L, aqua, pòſt rurſus eleuato G, & ob
                <lb/>
              motus primi rationem, ne aër in K, nimis
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              conuellatur, eleuato Q M, operculo aqua
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              ingreditur, ſpatium K, donec impleatur, &
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              ſimul cum eo ſpatium H, quod (vt dixi) com­
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              mune eſt cum K, quia G, eſt medioli os pa­
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              tens, & nulla ex parte concluſum. </s>
              <s id="s.000227">Sic igitur
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              iam plenum, & rurſus embolus deſcendat:
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              aqua igitur quæ in H, eſt, eleuabit opercu­
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              lum F, & implebit ſpatia N, & O. </s>
              <s id="s.000228">Cùm au­
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              tem ſursùm trahitur embolus, ne aqua, quæ
                <lb/>
              in O. aſcenderat, rursùm deſcendat, prohibet
                <lb/>
              operculum in F, quod grauitate tum propria,
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              tum aquæ ſuperincumbentis, cadens obturat
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              foramen. </s>
              <s id="s.000229">Itaque conſtat hac machina aquam
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              ſemper aſcendere, & nunquam poſſe deſ­
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              cendere: vnde cùm peruenerit ad P, effun­
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              ditur per P, os tubæ in locum, quem volue­
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              ris, tuncque minimo labore quantum voles
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              aquæ ex B, exhauries: nam plena iam tuba
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg20"/>
                <lb/>
              facilior fit motus emboli A. </s>
              <s id="s.000230">Tubæ verò qui­
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              bus ſiccantur naues, tum fontes & ſcaturigi­
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              nes aquarum, ſimpliciore conſtructione con­
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              ſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.000231">Manente ratione B, & C, ne lapides
                <lb/>
              machinam impediant, embolus quatuor
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              habet corij fruſta in imo, & totidem iuxtà,
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              duorum tamen cubitorum, aut paulò plus
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              ſpatio diſtincta, quæ ſupernè alligantur. </s>
              <s id="s.000232">Pal­
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              mi longitudo eſt eorum: & vt trahuntur,
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              aqua ingreditur vacui ratione: cùm deſcen­
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              dunt, dilatantur propter aëris impulſum, ſed
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              & ob celeritatem aliquid rurſus permeat
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              aquæ ſuperiùs. </s>
              <s id="s.000233">Itaque non ſolùm trahen­
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              do, ſed & premendo aqua aſcendit. </s>
              <s id="s.000234">Iam igi­
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              tur declarauimus exemplum quietis, quæ
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              fit per vacui fugam, hanc tamen docui­
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              mus potiùs debere dici raritatis violentiam: </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000235">
                <margin.target id="marg20"/>
              Tubæ
                <expan abbr="hauriẽ-tes">haurien­
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                tes</expan>
              aquas.</s>
            </p>
            <figure id="id.016.01.011.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/011/1.jpg" number="5"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s id="s.000236">Horologij
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              mola.
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              fit enim à forma elementi fu­
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              gientis maiorem, quam ei con­
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              uenire poſſit, raritatem. </s>
              <s id="s.000237">Sic ea­
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              dem ratione appellabimus im­
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              pulſum, ſeu ſit motus, ſeu quies,
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              à denſitate, ſicut tertium ele­
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              menti motum, ſeu grauis ſit, ſeu
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              leuis. </s>
              <s id="s.000238">Exemplo igitur lucernæ
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              quies olei in ſuprema parte
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              oſtenſa eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000239">Secundo autem
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              exemplo motus attractionis ob
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              raritatem, & impulſus ob den­
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              ſitatem, in machina Cteſibica
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              demonſtratur. </s>
              <s id="s.000240">Hoc tertio ſimi­
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              liter
                <expan abbr="vtriuſq;">vtriuſque</expan>
              motus exemplar,
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              ac quietis etiam grauis præter
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              naturam. </s>
              <s id="s.000241">Supereſt modò, vt
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              motum à ſola raritate, ſeu à va­
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              cuo quarto exemplo doceamus:
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              verùm id inferiùs exponere
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              oportet, ratione quadam ſin­
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              gulari, cùm motus elemento­
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              rum docebimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000242">Nunc verò
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              motum qui ob ſolam fit denſi­
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              tatem aggrediemur, cuius
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              exemplum in tormentis bellicis
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              patuit, in quibus impulſus mo­
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              tus ſolum apparet. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000243">Eiuſdem planè generis eſt
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              motus, qui fit in molis horologiorum, ſi­
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              cut baliſtarum ex raritate, tum ſcorpio­
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              num, ac eiuſcemodi generis tormentorum:
                <lb/>
              nam cùm nimium tenditur neruus, vt ſe
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              contrahat, impulſu mouetur acriore, ac
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              impoſitum lapidem, aut ſagittam impel­
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              lit. </s>
              <s id="s.000244">Itaque ad motum raritatis hæc ratio re­
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              ducitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000245">Contraria igitur ( vr dixi ) ratio­
                <lb/>
              ne, mola torquetur in horologio: nam
                <lb/>
              chalybs mollis redditus, in tenuem bra­
                <lb/>
              cteam prolongam & ſtrictam, vt in figu­
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              ra vides, redigitur; inde per vim in or­
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              bem arctiſſime colligitur, capſulæque in­
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              cluditur. </s>
              <s id="s.000246">Funis autem tenuis, ſed validior,
                <lb/>
              circumuoluitur capſulæ, cuius extremum
                <lb/>
              axi rotæ latiori nectitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000247">Ita fit, vt dum
                <lb/>
              chalybs denſitate nimia preſſus tenditur,
                <lb/>
              capſulam circumuoluat, quæ trahit funem:
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              inde axis ſenſim circumuolutus, rota à qua
                <lb/>
              denticulis implicatis aliæ circumaguntur,
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              ſecum agit. </s>
              <s id="s.000248">Sextum exemplum eſt, quónam
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg21"/>
                <lb/>
              pacto quies ex impulſu poſſit contingere.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000249">Huius generis eſt vrceus aqua plenus fiſtu­
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              lam inanem habens: cùm enim fiſtula ver­
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              titur inferiùs, aqua ipſa pendere vide­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.000250">Simili ratione lapides ſuper aquam
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              iacti reſiliunt: & ſitula aqua plena cir­
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              cumuelociter acta, non effundit aquam:
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              quia cùm tempus deſit aëris diuiſioni, ne </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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